The Role of Family and Women in the Short Story Everyday Use by Alice Essay

The Role of Family and Women in the Short Story Everyday Use by Alice Walker - Essay Example For this to be possible, the author in her story employed powerful literary techniques resting upon concepts of setting, symbolism, and irony, which are important for any piece of literature. In the particular case of Walkers short story, this set of literary tools is combined to provide an examination of the role of family and women in society. In fact, Walker typically emphasizes in her works struggles of African American women who are shown in their opposition to racism and sexism, often in their violent manifestations, that are still present in the modern world. At the same time, she also often traces in her writings roles that women of color have played in history and culture, and ponders over their understanding of those roles (White 2005, pp.455-464). In this light, it would be even more interesting to take a closer look at how the ever urgent theme of the role of family and women in society is covered by the writer and the feminist activist Walker in this short story. First of all, the plot of the story should be overviewed in order to understand what story line, setting, and characterization of the protagonists the author chose as the means to present and develop her ideas. The events in "Everyday Use" take place in the end of the sixties or the beginning of the seventies between members of an African-American family consisting of mother and her two daughters. In this regard, it is important to remember that this period of time was marked by widespread social debates about the need for African-Americans to redefine their personal and cultural identities. It was at that time that old terminology was being replaced by politically correct words, such as the substitution of the term Negro with black, and, correspondingly, new notions like black nationalism emerged. At that time many African-Americans rushed to find out about their African origin and cling to it instead of being defined solely by their past life in America that was rife with episodes of injustice and suffering (Van Deburg 1993). So, an attentive reader should from the very beginning of the story keep in mind the atmosphere that dominated in the American society during the time to which the narrative refers. The story itself is basically the account of an episode of life of the mentioned family which depicts the difficult and even strained relationship between a mother and children. The mother, named Mrs. Johnson, is living with one of her daughters Maggie, and is visited by her another daughter Dee along with her boyfriend or husband Hakim-a-barber. As Dee spends time with them, readers witness the open opposition between two sisters, and a latent opposition between Mrs. Johnson and Dee, which in the end breaks into Mrs. Johnsons protective support of Maggie. More specifically, as the stumbling block serves the bold striving of Dee to take away with her some family artifacts that are very dear for both Mrs. Johnson and Maggie. For

Psychology of Racism Essay Example for Free

Psychology of Racism Essay In 1892, a shoe maker named Homer Plessy from New Orleans Louisiana was arrested for refusing to transfer to a railroad car designated for the dark-colored population in the East Louisiana Railroad after he sat in a first class railroad car meant for the white-skinned constituents of the state. Plessy appealed that he should be considered white since only 1/8 of him was African American as it was substantiated in his heritage. According to him, by forcing him to transfer to a different car, the authorities were violating the 13th and 14th Amendments of the United States Constitution which impedes slavery and segregation. From local custody to Supreme Court, Plessy was tried and accused of civil disobedience (Elliot, 2009). The arbiters of the court exhibited linear cognition which disregarded Plessy’s plea of violation of rights and obstinately favored Luoisianas claim that they did not violate such Amendment of the United States Constitution since they have the right to imply regulations and policies in railroad stations that are within their state. The case was denied of opportunities to be studied sufficiently as the justices esteemed and acknowledged that the act of separating the races under impartial rights should be abided, setting aside the sentiments of the colored inhabitants. II In South Campton County Virginia, a group of African American slaves initiated a rebellion that killed about 57 white men, women and children before the military forces and a number of armed civilians were able to arrive and take control. Angered by the murder of almost more than 50 innocent lives, vigilantes eradicated dozens of slaves who were not involved in the insurrection and exiled hundreds of free colored people from their land. The leader of the insurrection was a literate African American slave named Nat Turner who claimed he saw visions of God telling him to commit this act of violence, and with his extraordinary power of persuasion, he was able to compel other slaves to join him. After Turners surrender on October 30, 1831, he and his men were executed. (Bernier, 2010) Following the death of Nat Turner, a year of debate relating to the status of the African American slaves congested the Virginia General Assembly. Although it was considered that they should be relieved from their abject duties as slaves, a systematic arrangement for their freedom was never formed. Nat Turners act of rebellion caused that an anti-literacy law be passed which diminished the African American slaves freedom to communicate and have the opportunity to be educated, thus, almost completely mutilating their already restricted rights. From that historical event which became known as Nat Turners Rebellion or South Campton Insurrection, it can be analyzed that it might not only be a visionary or a delusioned mans whim that caused such barbaric deeds but possibly an act or cry for liberation. Unequal treatment, enslavement for the rest of a mans life and forced labor for very minimal or no wage at all, these are acceptable factors that can be considered as parts of a motive for the rebellion in South Campton. III In 1803, a British convict settlement was established in a Tasmanian aborigini inhabited island called Van Diemens Land. A total of of 65,000 convicted men and women were settled in the island of which most of them were cruelly traumatized and extremely violent. Due to the incompetent procedure of punishment, convicts were able to take flight into the Tasmanian hinterland where they exerted the fullness of their brutality and thirst of blood upon the aboriginis of the island (Turnbull, 1948) Symbolically and appropriately, this event in history can be described as a case of rape as the innocent aborigines were violated of their rights and freedom to live accordingly. Not only were they conquered and treated as slaves in their own land but they were exterminated and murdered like animals. They were robbed of their privilege as humans and left their race at the brink of their extinction. References Bernier, C. M. (2010) Slave Heroism in the Transatlantic Imagination. New York: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Elliot, M. (2009) Color Blind Justice: Albion Tourgee and the Quest for Racial Equality from the Civil War to Plessy v. Ferguson. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Turnbull, C. (1948) Black War : The Extermination of the Tasmanian Aborigines. Melbourne:

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Essay -- essays research papers

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Some time ago, I decided to read Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, by Jules Verne. I figured that because it was so well known it must be an extremely interesting book. In addition, it was science fiction, the one area that I was always interested. My assumption was only partially correct, for I only was to a degree interested in the piece of writing. When Jules Verne was writing this book, he must have been reading some incredibly dull science book the day before, for that was what the book was written as. The style of writing was utterly against my tastes, and though the plot was moderately interesting, the style of writing really ruined it. Often, the author will trail off describing some marine animal for pages at a time. Two entire chapters were almost entirely this! However, the setting and characters of the story seemed to be well thought out. Nevertheless, 20,000 Leagues under the Sea was an extremely tedious volume. When the story w as introduced, Jules Verne described M. Aronnax, the main character, whose love for marine biology was more important than anything else to him did. This immediately led to the international crisis about a bizarre aquatic creature, which immediately dragged M. Aronnax into the action. Due to his expertise on the matter, the public expected Pierre to be the one to solve this mystery. M. Aronnax, under all this pressure, concluded that the animal was to be called the Narwhale. At first, the mat...

Remembering Blue and Gray from Black and White Essay -- Informative, H

Tony Horwitz takes a journey through the South to find out why people are still obsessed with the Civil War. On his adventure, he met a wide variety of people and he learned that each person has their own opinion of the war and remembers it in their own way. The Civil War was fought by Americans, on each side, and they all should remember it the same way, but as Horwitz found out on his quest, they are drastically different and still very controversial. Horwitz described different concurrences that undoubtedly show race plays a role in how the Civil War is remembered. The first stop of Horwitz’s journey was in Salisbury, North Carolina. Here, he met Sue and Ed Curtis who introduced him to the United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. These two groups consisted of people from different backgrounds: a doctor, factory worker, gun-shop owner, etc. The only thing these people had in common was their ancestry; they all had blood ties to someone who fought in the Civil War. Their ancestors fought in the war to preserve their honor and they were fighting for what they believed in, which was state sovereignty. Horwitz was invited to attend a Sons of Confederate Veteran’s meeting they had to celebrate Lee and Jackson’s birthdays. The main event of the meeting was a Lee-Jackson trivia quiz. Though it is a captivating game where one can learn facts about these two distinguishing men of the Civil War, it is just a game. It has no relevance for remembering the Civil War for what it truly was. The members are remembering certain Confederate men of the war, not the whole war entirely. At this meeting, Horwitz met several different men and had questions for them. Horwitz went see the owner of the gun shop to get h... ...hose to sacrifice to stand up for what they believed in, whether it was right or wrong. Hodge also admits to Horwitz that reenacting was a way for him to escape from the twentieth century and all the complicating matters life brings (H-209-281). Horwitz does not believe that racism is an omnipresent characteristic in the different ways the Civil War is remembered, but he does recognize that it plays a very crucial role in the memory of the Civil War. He meets several different people (Connor, Wells, and Hodge) that show great respect and recognize the importance of the war. In his work, Horwtiz shows that some individuals and activities are more racist than others. These activities are usually performed by people who lack the knowledge of the true reason the Civil War occurred. These unfortunate people show great stupidity and thoughtlessness in their actions.

Pressure Groups †Amnesty International Essay

In Great Britain, the number of political parties is very small, whereas the number of pressure groups runs into thousands; as the membership of political parties has fallen, that of pressure groups has increased. The aim of all pressure groups is to influence the people who actually have the power to make decisions. A pressure group is an organised group that seeks to influence the government decisions or protect or advance a particular cause or interest. Groups may promote a specific issue and raise it up the political agenda. Pressure groups are sometimes able to gather sufficient support to force government to amend or even scrap legislation. For example, in March 1998 around 300,000 people went to London to protest about the Labour government’s rural policies – the ‘Countryside March’ – the government reacted by announcing plans for a Ministry of Rural Affairs and by publishing a white paper investigating all aspects of rural life. In return, these groups have an input into the making of decisions. My presentation is mainly focused on the one of the most influential pressure group and human rights organisation in the world, called Amnesty International. Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights to be respected and protected for everyone. It undertakes research and takes action aimed at preventing and ending grave abuses of these rights, demanding that all governments and other powerful entities respect the rule of law. It campaigns globally and locally. Amnesty International members and supporters exert influence on governments, political bodies. Activists take up human rights issues by mobilizing public pressure through mass demonstrations, vigils, direct lobbying, publication and promotion of research findings, human rights education or co-operation with student groups. Amnesty International works with and for individuals the world over. For example, it takes action to : stop violence against women or abolish the death penalty. Ever since Amnesty International started campaigning in 1961, it has worked around the globe to stop the abuse of human rights. In 1961 Peter Benenson launched a worldwide campaign, ‘Appeal for Amnesty 1961’ with the publication of a prominent article, ‘The Forgotten Prisoners’. The imprisonment of two Portuguese students, who had raised their wine glasses in a toast to freedom, moved Benenson to write this article. His appeal was reprinted in other papers across the world and turned out to be the genesis  of Amnesty International. The first international meeting was held in July, with delegates from Belgium, the UK, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the US. They decided to establish â€Å"a permanent international movement in defence of freedom of opinion and religion†. On Human Rights Day, 10 December, the first Amnesty candle was lit. In January 1962 the first research trip was undertaken. This trip to Ghana, was followed by Czechoslovakia in February (on behalf of a prisoner of conscience), and then to Portugal and East Germany. Moreover, At a conference in Belgium, a decision was made to set up a permanent organization that will be known as Amnesty International. During all these years Amnesty International has undertaken many of the campaigns and actions and developed human rights. It broaden its territory and became one of the most stronger human rights protector. In January 1969, UNESCO granted Amnesty International consultative status as the organization reached another milestone – 2,000 prisoners of conscience released. In 1977 the organisation was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for its â€Å"campaign against torture†, and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978. After 30 years the organization broaden its scope to cover work on abuses by armed opposition groups, hostage taking and people imprisoned due to their sexual orientation. Thousands of Amnesty International members respond to Urgent Action appeals on behalf of individuals at immediate risk. Publicity through the news media and the internet takes its message in many languages to millions of people. It is an organisation independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion, it is democratic and self-governing and financially self-sufficient. Amnesty International has more than 2.8 million members, supporters and subscribers in over 150 countries and territories, in every region of the world. It has offices in 80 countries around the world, for example in Sweden, Senegal or Bangladesh. Amnesty International research teams focusing on particular countries and themes investigate reports of human rights abuses, cross checking and corroborating information from a wide variety of sources and contacts. It receives information from many sources, including: prisoners and others suffering other human rights abuses and their representatives, lawyers and  journalists, refugees, community workers and human rights organizations and defenders All Amnesty International campaigning and research is fact based. Among the many activities it carry out, it sends experts to talk with victims, observes trials, monitors global and local media, publicizes its concerns in documents, leaflets, posters, advertisements, newsletters and websites. Amnesty International’s current six year ( 2010 -2016) strategy aims to empower rights-holders whose rights are challenged and strengthen the human rights movement.

The Changing Faces of Present and Presentation

The Changing Faces of Present and Presentation The Changing Faces of Present and Presentation The Changing Faces of Present and Presentation By Maeve Maddox Present belongs to a group of English words that, with a shift in pronunciation, may be either noun or verb. present [prÄ•zÉ™nt] n. (accent on the first syllable) a gift present [prÄ ­-zÄ•nt] v. (accent on the second syllable) to introduce, to give an award In an article about the 2009 Academy Awards, I noticed a third use of present that may be in the process of entering the language: Best Present: Copresenters Steve Martin and Tina Fey, whove been funny together on TV and film, delivered a hilarious tribute to writers that made us want to see them make another movie together. Erik Pedersen, E! Online Here Pedersen is using present as a shortened form of presentation. In the way of the web, Pedersens words have been copied by numerous bloggers and it may only be a matter of time before we hear present [prÄ“zÄ•nt] for presentation the way we hear invite [Ä ­n-vÄ «t] in place of invitation. presentation [prÄ•zÉ™n-tÄ shÉ™n] n. the act of presenting A presentation can be a gift, or it can be something like a lecture or a slide presentation. Evidence that the cropped form present for presentation may have already caught on with some users appears in these headlines used to introduce slide shows on the web: OM slide Present SHN Membership Slide Present 2006 In looking for examples of this new, unlovely use of present, I came across a (to me) new use of presentation. When used on a wedding invitation, the expression presentation preferred, means forget the gifts, we want cash. This comment from a wedding forum shows that not eveyone is comfortable with this use of presentation: My soon-to-be mother in-law is really against presentation, but its our wedding, not hers ! I guess when we showed her the sample of the invite, she didnt notice the presentation on it. Ah, the accelerate of linguistic change! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

1920s Fashion From Flappers to the Little Black Dress

1920s Fashion From Flappers to the Little Black Dress SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The roaring twenties were an iconic era, characterized by a post-war economic boom, the rise of the newly wealthy, and monumental cultural shifts that would continue to define art, politics, and fashion for decades to come. 1920s fashion was all about creating a Look- an overall aesthetic that used modern trends to demonstrate the wearer’s creativity. For the first time, fashion was about self-expression, and you could be anyone you wanted if you had the right clothes. After World War I ended in 1918, the world pieced itself back together, and people tried to make sense of the events that occurred. As the world changed and healed, people pushed rapidly toward modernization in women’s rights, technology, and culture. The roaring twenties was a decade in which everything changed, and thankfully, gave us one of the most fun and influential decades of fashion. 1920s Fashion Trends for Women Fashion for women underwent major changes in the 1920s, as styles moved away from strict Victorian dress codes. Hemlines went up, and necklines went down. Women wore loose-fitting clothes, which allowed them the opportunity to show more skin, and move more freely. Corsets were discarded for loose-fitting chemises and camisoles, and with their new freedom of movement women dove headfirst into experiencing and defining their liberation in the modern era. The Flapper The Flapper is the look most commonly associated with the roaring twenties. Flappers wore short, tube-like dresses that could be plain or adorned with beads, fringe, or geometric shapes in an art-deco style. Flappers also accessorized with long necklaces, usually pearls, as well as scarves and headscarves, and galoshes. The Flapper look was intended to be an over-exaggerated, attention-grabbing look. Young women were experiencing more freedom in the post-war 1920s, and sought to shake the rigid expectations for women in past decades. The Garconne Similar to the Flapper, women who sported a Garconne look did so to rebel against feminine norms. This look was intended to be masculine; the essential pieces were blouses, oversized jackets, and straight-legged trousers. The look allowed for freedom of movement, and was a way to signal that a woman was independent and professional. Coco Chanel, who emerged as a leading fashion designer during the decade, was a proponent of the Garconne look, often wearing suits she designed. Speaking of Coco Chanel- this fashion icon also designed The Little Black Dress in the 1920s, a staple wardrobe piece that was intended to be stylish and multi-functional staple wardrobe piece for women of all shapes. The concept of a multi-functional dress was so popular that women all over the world adopted it, and it remains a fashion must-have. 1920s Hairstyles, Accessories, and More! 1920s hairstyles for women moved away from complicated long curls and pinned updos. Women chose short, sleek bobs of varying styles, including the Shingle, a shorter, waved bob. Fur coats or fur trim coats were also popular at this time, particularly raccoon, and were a major marker of status. Low heels in Mary Jane or T-strap styles were worn with most outfits. In addition to the two main day looks, other aspects of women’s clothing evolved during this time, since more women had the means to take vacations and participate in leisure activities. Women’s â€Å"bathing costumes† became shorter and tighter, allowing for more range of moment in the water, and more skin to be shown while sunbathing- a scandalous development! Sportswear also became more functional; loose trousers and blouses became acceptable for women, as women began to participate in leisure sports alongside men. 1920s Men’s Fashion While men’s fashion didn’t change as drastically as women’s fashions, men’s fashion did push toward modernity and functionality. New men’s styles were modeled after movie stars and famous prohibition gangsters. Men continued to wear suits for everyday wear, but new pieces became socially acceptable in casual settings as well. Sweaters were popularized as more young people went to college, and men wore them with trousers or knickerbockers. The suits themselves became less formal; pants were fitted more loosely, and a vest was optional. The 1920s also brought the creation of a Zoot Suit, which were popular among African-American men. These suits had wide legs and shoulders, and were styled with colorful ties and pocket squares. Though we tend to think of a tuxedo now as the highest level of formal wear, tuxedos were only adopted in the 1920s. Previously, men’s formal wear was called â€Å"white-tie† and consisted of a white tie and vest, along with a coat and tails. The more comfortable tuxedo replaced the coat-and-tails, and is now what we call black-tie formal. Tuxedos enabled men to dance more freely, as dancing itself became more varied and active. A young man wearing a flat cap 1920s Hairstyles and Accessories for Men You can’t think of 1920s fashion without thinking about hats. From flat-caps to top hats, men’s hats were essential. It was not generally acceptable to leave the house without one. Flat-caps were the most casual, and were often worn by boys and young men. Fedoras were also worn casually, usually with a suit. Top hats were considered formal hat-wear. Men’s hair was short and slicked back, emulating the gangsters and movie stars who were the celebrities of the day. Men also rocked ties and bow ties, and matched them with pocket squares, which were used as a way to add color and dimension to their outfits. Men in the 1920s also favored black wing tip, patent leather, or two-tone shoes. Like for women, fur coats were a signifier of status, with raccoon coats being sought after for their pattern and color. Understanding Cultural Influences in Roaring 20s Fashion First-wave feminism in the United States gained women the right to vote in 1919. With the vote came a change in women’s status, which was reflected quite literally in their clothing. As we mentioned above, corsets were all but abandoned, and clothing became less about following strict social codes to signify virtue or marital status, and more about self-expression. Women’s fashion was one of the primary functions of the culture revolution that came to define their liberation and the roaring twenties. The growing economy in conjunction with technological advancement and an increase in overall wealth created a growing culture of consumerism, where people were eager to display their wealth and status; part of this display was the cultivation of a look, and an understanding of trends. Accessing fashion was, for the first time, available to people of all classes, and there was a power in self-expression for the newly rich and the rising middle class. Additionally, many young men and women left their hometowns for the city with promises of jobs and adventure. A youth culture defined by unlimited promise quickly arose. Media Influences The film industry was just beginning en masse in the 1920s, and people of all socioeconomic status could go to see motion pictures. Movie stars like Clara Bow, Greta Garbo, Rudolph Valentino, and Buster Keaton heavily influenced the styles of the day. Hollywood as considered the height of glamour, and movie stars were a new concept that people were eager to emulate in the hedonistic twenties These changes accompanied by newspaper syndicates allowed people to all access the same information- for the first time, people in cities and rural towns across the country were reading and seeing the same content as one another. Newspapers ran the same stories, people saw the same movies, and were able to participate in national culture. This especially was important as the media glamorized prohibition gangsters’ rise to prominence. Their lifestyle and culture began to influence fashion and a culture of excess. Modern art also influenced 1920s fashion. Like everyone else, artists were trying to make sense of the devastating war in their own ways, which led to movements like Dada, surrealism and expressionism. Art deco was a major influence on fashion, as it focused on shapes and dimension and was about creating a visual experience. The influences are evident in the Flapper and Garconne looks for women, with its emphasis on lines and shapes. An example of art-deco Legacy and 1920s Fashion Trends Today In addition to the everlasting addition of the Little Black Dress, 1920s fashion influences continue to define the fashion industry as we know it. Fashion of the 1920s was closely tied to women’s liberation, and was one of the first of many movements to make women’s fashion more comfortable, functional, and suited to their needs and creativity instead of their physical attractiveness. More importantly, the 1920s established fashion as an ever-changing part of our cultural lexicon, something that influences people all over the world. A common expression is that fashion is cyclical, which explains why certain styles like leggings have made their way back from the 1980s in recent years. With that said, the fashion influence of the 1920s is everywhere, from a recent rise in bright shapes and patterns, and the resurgence of loose-fitting pants and blazers. Here are some fun ways to channel the 1920s in your everyday outfits, while avoiding looking like you’re wearing a costume. Tube dresses, swing dresses, and shift dresses are a great way to pull in a twenties influence, since they’re not form fitting. These dresses come in a variety of styles and are easy to accessorize. The same with loose, straight-legged pants! These clean lines are all about the shape, and when paired with the right accessories, will create a dramatic look you’ll love. Accessories are a great way to add 1920s flair. Big earrings, long necklaces- especially pearls- and headscarves will add dimension to your look. Bright colors all the way! Bobbed hairstyles made a comeback recently, and we’re all about it. Bobbed hair looks great with earrings, hats and headbands, and will invoke the roaring twenties. For men, it will be a bit harder to add 1920s flair to an outfit, since men’s clothes tend to be a little more mainstream, and 20s inspired pieces will be difficult to find. My best suggestion for adding 1920s flair to a men’s look is to add a hat! Fedoras and flat caps are stylish in every decade, and men can definitely add suspenders or colorful bowties. Remember, 1920s fashion for both men and women was about creating a Look, and using clothes to express yourself. When using the 1920s as an inspiration, the most important thing to keep in mind is that 20s fashion is about self-expression and freedom. It’s incredibly fun to turn your body into a work of art that speaks for itself. What's Next? Looking for more about the 1920s? Check out some of our analyses of one of the most iconic 1920s books, The Great Gatsby. Read an in-depth guide of the era or analyze the roles of money and materialism or the American dream in the novel. The 1920s are only a small part of US history, and you'll need to know all about the 20th century and beyond. These study guides for the SAT subject test and the AP US History test will help expand your knowledge and prepare you for the tests.

Top 5 Jobs for Great Work-Life Balance

Top 5 Jobs for Great Work-Life Balance ever wondered how some people make it work? how you could manage to maintain a satisfying career, pay the bills, but still have time to travel or have a family life? sometimes it’s best to think outside of the box a bit and look to a few jobs you might not expect would fit the bill. forbes recently featured 25 jobs that could give you the best of both worlds, and still pay enough to keep you where you want to be. here are our top 5.1. web designerhave an eye for good design? a mind for technology? a self-managing style? consider a career in web design. a bit of training and talent can net you an average of $53k per year with tons of flexibility. you could work from anywhere!2. software developerthis ones is another step in the web direction, if you’re good at that sort of thing. software developers usually have flexible hours and locations, and can make up to $80k per year.3. client managerprefer the structure of working for a company, rather than on your own? still wan t a bit more flexibility? client managing can win you over $71k per year and will still leave you time to make lunches for your kids.4. substitute teacherhave teaching skills, but don’t want to be tied down to a full scholastic year? have a bit of money saved to work on starting your own business? or just don’t need to pull in all that much? substitute teaching can be a great way to keep yourself working- as much or as little as you want- without long-term commitment, and can earn you almost $25k a year.5. social media managerthis gig let’s you be involved in a company without having to stay late and come early to keep it running; you act as  that company’s mouthpiece instead! social media managing can be a low-stress, often enjoyable way to go to work every day. and at an average of $40k a year, the salary isn’t half bad either.see more here:  best 25 jobs for work life balance

Film Blade Runner Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Blade Runner - Movie Review Example The movie that was the trend-setter was the Blade Runner. This movie ahs been a fore-runner of sorts, in many ways. For instance, it delves into science and genetics, it also gets into concepts like globalization, climate change, over-population and cyber-punk, to a name some prominent issues. While these issues are common concerns of today, the film voiced the same in 1982! This definitely makes it a futuristic approach. This write-up attempts to examine the theme of humanity in the movie. It portrays the 'replicants' who are similar to human, but are products of genetically engineered scientific processes. These replicant criminals are hunted down by the 'blade runners', who are the police. The events that occur and the twists the plot takes, are reflective of problems that menace today's world. The most striking one of these problems, is that of genetically engineered lives. Thus, the movie is explicitly built around the theme of humanity, as juxtaposed against the phenomenon of genetically engineered replicas. 'Humanity' as a theme in Blade Runner comes across in a number of contexts. Humanity is portrayed as the initial superior force in the movie, which is taken over by artificial intelligence, created by the same humans. It is due to this that a number of problems arise. Humanity and Pseudo-Humanism are portrayed with panache in a variety of venues. The following is analyses into the same. TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY In today's fast paced modern world, technology has redefined possibilities. Over the years, technology has revolutionized our lives to the extent that they have more often than not, substituted human action. After the building of such high tech applications and devices, man's attempt has been towards constructing technology that can replicate human beings. The artificial intelligence is one such example. In the process, we do tend to rethink and re-describe, what is distinctively 'human'. In other words, we have been seeking to replicate humans suing technology and have in turn been striving to identify what is humanly 'human'. "As we give our machines selected human characteristics to make them more efficient, they will tend to discover humanity in their own unique way, rising above their 'specifications' to actually become human..These films document how 'human' technology will always assume more human characteristics. They suggest that to be human is to reach some state of equilibrium. In other words, an entity initially bestowed with any combination of human related characteristics will spontaneously approach a more stable state through the passage of time, like a chemical system out of equilibrium. Just as we grow uniformly content through our venerable years, artificially created beings grow increasingly human with age. Roy, designed as a fierce "combat model," has ironically grown to be a poetically rich man and draws our attention to the pertinent issues of Blade Runner by the elegant efficiency of

HIV Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

HIV - Research Paper Example HIV has not had a cure yet. However, antiretroviral drugs are use to slow down the immune system cells’ destruction. The discussion in this paper focuses on HIV phylogenetic classification and morphology, transmission and replication in the host, virulence and pathogeniciy factors, treatment, epidemiology and public control methods. Phylogenetic classification and morphology According to Fauci and Lane (n.d), HIV virion has a structure that is icosahedra. This virion contains external spikes. The spikes form from two main protein envelopes namely external gp120 and the transmembrane gp 41. On the surface of the infected cell, the viron buds form. These buds comprises of numerous host proteins. The main host proteins are Major Histocompartibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens, which are incorporate into the host’s lipid bilayer. The strains classified as HIV-1 fall into three distinct groups. These categories are M or Major, Outlier or O and N or New or non M/non O. Group M nearly responsible for global pandemic. Group M forms properly defined clusters on phylogenetic trees. M group subtypes are labeled A-D, F-H, J-K. Other relevant clusters are circulating recombinant forms or CRFs. These recombination events form because of divergent HIV strains within host individuals. Transmission and replication For all persons infected with HIV, there is a variable degree of viruses in genital secretions and blood. This is the case regardless of whether or not the patient has visible symptoms. The transmission of HIV virus occurs when infected blood or secretions are exposed to tissues of the eye, vigina, anal area, and mouth, broken skin such as cuts or needle punctures. The most common transmission modes are sexual contact, needles sharing and infected mothers to newborns during labor pregnancy or breastfeeding. HIV is an RNA virus. The main process associated with HIV RNA is reverse transcription of genomic RNA to DNA. This process is facilitated b y enzyme reverse transcriptase. Replication cycle starts when gp 120 protein binds with high affinity. Once gp120 binds to CD4, it undergoes a conformational change that facilitates binding to one of the co-receptor groups. After the envelope, protein binds to CD4 molecule fusion occurs with the host cell membrane through the exposed gp41 molecule. The virus then penetrates plasma membrane of target cell then coiling upon to combine both the virion and immune system cells (Lama and Planelles, 2007). Virulence and pathogenicity factors HIV buds through the cell membrane. The virus is characterized by a capacity to cause disease. One attribute of HIV is replication and transmission, toxic, adherence and attachment and aggressiveness. For the virus, attachment to host immune system cell membrane is essential for virulence. This provides the opportunity to combine with the cells and cause reduction in protecting the body from diseases. In order to persist in the host, HIV virus has to r eplicate making it contagious. As a result, the virus is infectious. In order to survive, it has to remain aggressive. Aggressiveness comes with the ability to invade, multiply and survive in the tissues of the host. This makes HIV resistance to host defense mechanism. This virus also has high toxicity, which makes it possible to invade as many cells as possible. As a result, host immune

Indecent Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Indecent Behavior - Essay Example 439). The attraction towards indecency through media is increasing day by day. Studies concerned with internet utilization prove that the sites which provide access to sexual materials have great popularity among the internet users. There is the great threat that the children may easily get exposed to indecent content and in order to prevent it the congress enacted the Communications Decency Act of 1996. It prohibited anyone from knowingly transmitting any indecent communication to persons under the age of 18, through a telecommunications device (Lively & Weaver, 2006, P. 149). The society is a deciding factor in determining what is right and what is wrong. Social changes occurring in one’s society can alter one’s attitude and behaviors. Say for people have different opinions about the homosexuality. Some are totally against it while the other group gives consent mentally. Certain countries’ legal systems make the particular group see themselves as wronged and pe rsecuted and it relieves their feeling of guilt. It is because of the police that homosexuals often regard themselves as unfairly treated minority group (Nardi & Schneider, 1998, p.

Exporting and Growth for Small Business Research Paper

Exporting and Growth for Small Business - Research Paper Example Wadia, a manufacturer of high end premium priced compact disk players in the United States faces a similar predicament as the prevailing market niche in the U.S for its products are unsustainable to run a small enterprising business in the industry. Wadia is therefore forced to go an extra mile in the foreign market and export its products. Currently Wadia ships 70 to 80 percent of its manufactured products. The international market has enabled the two companies sell their items at recommendable rates by increasing the economies of scale leading to a profitable venture with an advantage of expanding their market size (Hill, 2011). In a business setting that lacks exportation, Morgan Motors would be confined to its local market which is uneconomical in sustaining its productivity. Dependence on local sales would be disastrous as the company would lose its ready and large external market translating to a large decrease in sales and profits. Economies of scale would also be at their disadvantage. In a case where the company does not incorporate importation of its raw materials, they would not manage to produce their products as they import most of their raw materials. Alternatively, they may be forced to purchase all raw materials locally which would be expensive and not profitable in the long run as desirable sales are not met locally. Generally if a company like Morgan Motors does not engage in importation and exportation business, it would simply go bankrupt, get its assets frozen and shut down (Yager, 2009). There exist impediments to efficient exporting for companies like Morgan and Wadia as they may have the need to maximize on their capacity production but encounter difficulties in getting access to working capital loans for expanding their international market. In tackling this issue and improving their efficiency in production and market demands, these companies can approach banking institutions,

Delaware Water Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Delaware Water Gap - Essay Example The deepest point of the river is about 55 feet (Hickman, 2004). The river is about a mile wide separating New Jersey from Pennsylvania. There are various theories that explain the development of the Delaware Water Gap.   Currently, it is said to have developed through a series of processes which included the continental shift, mountain building, erosion and capturing of streams and rivers. It is believed that over 450 million years ago, there was a continental shift that led to the collision of Africa and North America (Hickman, 2004). The impact caused by this collision caused the earth crust to rise leading to the formation of mountains along the collision lines. The Appalachian ranges, as well as the Kittantinny Mountains, were formed during this collision. The rivers and streams that flowed along these mountains carried pebbles and sand to the West. The sand and pebbles were deposited in layers. These layers became compacted and erosion resistant forming a conglomerate rock kn own as the Shawangunk Formation. The Shawanguk Formation is a gray quartzite that is highly resistant to water erosion. Over millions of years, different types of rocks were laid on top of the Shawanguk formation. About 300 million years ago, during the mountain building era, pressure built that forced the compacted layers of rock to fold and crumple (Hickman, 2004). The geological pressures during the mountain building era shattered the layers of rock. The shattered layers were eroded with time at different rates.

Exporting and Growth for Small Business Research Paper

Exporting and Growth for Small Business - Research Paper Example Wadia, a manufacturer of high end premium priced compact disk players in the United States faces a similar predicament as the prevailing market niche in the U.S for its products are unsustainable to run a small enterprising business in the industry. Wadia is therefore forced to go an extra mile in the foreign market and export its products. Currently Wadia ships 70 to 80 percent of its manufactured products. The international market has enabled the two companies sell their items at recommendable rates by increasing the economies of scale leading to a profitable venture with an advantage of expanding their market size (Hill, 2011). In a business setting that lacks exportation, Morgan Motors would be confined to its local market which is uneconomical in sustaining its productivity. Dependence on local sales would be disastrous as the company would lose its ready and large external market translating to a large decrease in sales and profits. Economies of scale would also be at their disadvantage. In a case where the company does not incorporate importation of its raw materials, they would not manage to produce their products as they import most of their raw materials. Alternatively, they may be forced to purchase all raw materials locally which would be expensive and not profitable in the long run as desirable sales are not met locally. Generally if a company like Morgan Motors does not engage in importation and exportation business, it would simply go bankrupt, get its assets frozen and shut down (Yager, 2009). There exist impediments to efficient exporting for companies like Morgan and Wadia as they may have the need to maximize on their capacity production but encounter difficulties in getting access to working capital loans for expanding their international market. In tackling this issue and improving their efficiency in production and market demands, these companies can approach banking institutions,

Meet Generation Hot by Mark Hertsgaard Are You Ready for More by Essay

Meet Generation Hot by Mark Hertsgaard Are You Ready for More by Sharon Begley Cooler Heads Prevail Against Climate Panic by Jeff Jacoby - Essay Example She goes on to lament on how the whole world seem to be totally unconcerned about the coming treat. Because of the lack of concern, she argues that there is lack of preparedness for future risks and hazards associated with climate change and global warming. Finally, Jacoby brings up his own arguments on how the alarm raised on climate change is too frightening to be wholly true. He therefore argues that there is false alarm with the facts given about climate change. He proceeds to describe those who keep talking about climate change as scaremongers. His last argument is that the stable climate for the last 12,000 reported by Newsweek is a myth. Claims about climate change made in each text Reading through the texts presented by the three authors there can be a strong and outstanding case made about climate change by each of the authors. Hertgaard’s claim is that â€Å"no single event can ever be definitively attributed to global warming; weather results from many factors.â₠¬  He therefore points to both natural and man made causes as reasons behind the ever growing threat of climate change. Indeed, science has done a lot to warn the world of thins we can do as a people to reduce the threat of climate change but there seem to be very little warning coming in as to how we can reduce the effects of natural causes of climate change. From Begley’s context, there is a strong claim that the harsh conditions associated with climate change will continue. This is to say that climate change has not shown its worse forms yet and that though the world has had a lot to cry about concerning the devastating effects of climate change, there still remains a lot more to worry about if steps will not be taken to prevent the phenomenon. Jacoby’s claim on climate change also has to do with the causes of it whereby he pays tribute to natural factors as the major causes of climate change rather than man-made factors. The author simply opposes that carbon emiss ion and other industrial activities can be the most contributing factors. Claims made in these texts contradict one another and where they are similar Hertgaard and Jacoby make contradictory claims on the major causes of climate change. Whereas Hertgaard believes that larger portion of the cause of climate change is man made and so calls on parents of the Hot Generation to advise their children to stop the phenomenon, Jacoby refers such claims as scaremongering just as was made of the end time on May 21. Between Begley and Jacoby also, there is some level of contradiction on the effect of carbon emission on climate change. Whereas greater part of Begley’s argument is directed towards industrialization and for that matter carbon emission, Jacoby believes that the fight against carbon emission cannot be totally right as industrialization is needed and important for development. There are however similarities in the various articles. For example Hertgaard and Begley all point to industrialization as a serious global threat when it comes to climate change. Indeed, there is no denying the fact that industrialization is very necessary for the advanced development of the world. However, the practice could be given a more environmentally friendly face. Research should continue on how industrialization can be continued without its accompanying practices that lead to carbon emission. Indeed there should be an era in industrialization where carbon emission will be

Impact of State Aid on Aer Lingus Essay Example for Free

Impact of State Aid on Aer Lingus Essay Aer Lingus is an airline in the republic of Ireland with a rich history that spans for a period exceeding 66 years. It’s an airline that is thought to hold a very special place in the hearts of most Irish people. In recent times, the airline has experienced difficulties. For example, there were agricultural problems both in England and in Ireland due to the emergence of BSE and Foot and Mouth disease. These are problems that caused the numbers of passengers traveling to various countries to go down. In 2001, workers were in strike due to salary issues and this adversely affected the operations of the Aer Lingus. Global economic crisis emanating from the most powerful economy in the world, the United States together with the September 11 terrorist attacks made many holidaymakers and seasoned passengers to panic and they thus feared traveling. Moreover, lack of funds has been another major problem and this is something that made Sabena and Swissair to close down because of insufficient funds. In fact, this is a problem that was so dangerous to many organizations that even Sabena had gone bankrupt. Due to such events, the major debate has been whether to provide state aid to Aer Lingus or not. The EU has been in the frontline to state that there is no need for the airline to be provided with state aid. On the other hand, some believe that since the government is a shareholder in Aer Lingus it should then use some of the tax payers’ money to inject more cash into the company to save it (Mulcahy, 2002). Since this is a state owned airline, its dependence on aid to raise capital has creates several problems for it. The financial performance of the airline has been undermined for quite a long period of time due to this dependence. However, in comparison to the private sector, state aid in most cases involves writing off the debts to financial institutions like banks. If it were the private sector on this issue, they would not have taken the consideration that such debts may be written off. The idea to use state aid for Aer Lingus may be seen as a bad option. This is so because if it was a private investor at Aer Lingus and they encountered huge debts, such an investor would have considered liquidating the airline and starting all over again using the available assets. But this has not been possible for Aer Lingus since its dependence is on the state to provide it with aid (Doganis, 2001). In 1994, the European Commission sought to approve the guidelines on evaluation proposals relating to state aid for airlines. Approving of the aforementioned proposals would see several conditions being imposed. For example, by relying on state aid, Aer Lingus is going to face the condition that it mustn’t expect additional aid in the coming future. Moreover, state aid according to the commission is not supposed to be used in any way to increase Aer Lingus capacity that may be to the detriment of EU competitors. Moreover, if Aer Lingus obtains this aid, the offer it has in the EU market is not supposed to increase faster compared to overall traffic growth. Aer Lingus is also not supposed to use the state aid to increase its direct competition against other airlines (Doganis, 2006). The impacts of state aid on Aer Lingus did not come with negative effects alone as aforementioned. There has been a success story to tell after state aid that was approved by the EU in mid 1990s. Even though reconstruction success at Aer Lingus took longer compared to Iberia and Air France, cost-cutting was achieved in years 2002 and 2004. State aid that Aer Lingus had received a decade ago had enabled it to survive most crises of that time. Up to early 2005, Aer Lingus still had not been privatized despite the crisis. Early 90s posed problems for Aer Lingus that are still similar to the current problems. The company lost profits amounting to 7% and talks embarked to seek a merger with Ryainar but this did not bear fruits. The management team came up with a recovery plan but the profits realized were still down. This is a problem that continued in 1992 but the appointment of Bernie Cahill as the board chairman saw the government provide more investment in the airline. After the proposal was accepted by the EU, some assets like the computer company and hotels were sold. By 1995, the company realized some profits. These shows the impacts of the state aid on Aer Lingus have been both positive and negative. But for Aer Lingus to survive in the market state aid is required since today, it estimated that the company is losing $2m in a single day. Moreover, the bookings have gone down by a staggering 80% (Barrington and Sweeny, 2001).

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay The Industrial Revolution was conceived in Britain during the 1700s and soon after spread to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. The industrial revolution had immense effects creating an unprecedented amount of change as well has having great implications on modern society. Where the once meticulous art of making goods and items by hand was the norm, this was quickly replaced with engine manufacturing allowing goods to be produced in large quantities and bringing about the development of factory organization. The emergence of the nuclear family as well as work force diversifications, are all but some of the implications of the industrial revolution. This paper will discuss the impact that the industrial revolution has had on our society by looking at various ways in which our society has been shaped and formed by the long-lasting effects of the industrial revolution which has served as a key to the origins of modern western society. As Harold Perkin observe d, The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects (Society for the Study of Labour History,1986:63). Todays large and urbanized cities are a reflection of the mass-migration that took place during the industrial revolution in which people needed to leave their families and communities in order to join the workforce moving from rural areas to urban areas This was further encouraged by government incentives which also led to the centralization of wealth. A dramatic change was therefore seen in the social structure of society. Prior to the industrial revolution Evans observed that life would be lived within limited geographical boundaries, survival itself dependent on the success or failure of the harvest, and the organization of everyday existence dictated by natural light and the seasons (Evans, 2006:46). Moreover, the industrial revolution was unconditionally helpful to the development of the world from the 1800s all the way to the present day. Mass-production led to an abundance of goods. The textile industry improved due to faster manufacturing processes such as coal and steam pow er and other new machinery that led to an increase in the production of woven fabrics as well as an increase in the production of raw materials such as cotton, which led to the availability of inexpensive and affordable clothing (Beniger, 1986). The expansion of factories meant that a larger workforce was needed in order to meet industry demands. Employment opportunities were suddenly vast, permitting some of the less privileged classes in society to have a chance of being recruited and earn a living. For instance, women became increasingly members of the workforce. Mary Wollstonecraft had demanded that women be given the same education as men and the same opportunities for earning a living. That wish was to be granted, less by any agreed social policy than by the transformation of the social organization of industry and what we call it the industrial revolution (Evans, 2006:51). This made it even more possible due to the developments in medicine and in particular antiseptics which allowed women to survive an otherwise excruciating child labour Medical science gave to women the increased likelihood of surviving (Evans, 2006:68). Child birth was thereafter no longer regarded as an obstacle to a womans aspirations in being par t of the workforce. The developments made in the field of medicine also lowered prices, making essential medication accessible to the lower and middle classes of society. This coupled with the need to increase the workforce in order to meet the industrys demands led to women having a much stronger presence in the workforce. Although under-paid, this may have been the first step in the long battle for gender equality. Although inequality is still to a certain extent evident today, women have a nevertheless strong and influential role in todays society. Furthermore, corporations expanded creating a division between those who worked for the companies and those who managed it and owned the factories.   The rise of these large companies is what really advanced the wage labor-based capitalist system which created markets where buyers and sellers of goods and services agreed on a price. Then came the businesses that follow their own self by challenging for the consumers money. Each business tried to do better by producing goods or services that are better and less costly than those of its competitors (Evans, 2006). Today the existence of competition laws around the world and particularly within the EU as set out by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU is essential and necessary to promote healthy competition between companies so as to provide consumers with various products and choices at competitive prices as well as preventing and deterring companies from abusing or colluding with its competitors (Bellamy and child, 2008). The rap id increase of corporations and capitalism quickly led to world trade and changes in transportation and communication such as the shipping of goods by sea and advanced and more liable modes of communication. The success and growth of the industrial revolution rested on the capability to transport goods and materials over long distances. Therefore, the use of traditional carriers such as horse carriages quickly proved ineffective and costly (Stern, David I; Kander, Astrid, 2012:128). Consequently, such modes of transport became practically redundant calling for the need to invent and create faster and more efficient means of transport. This spurred about new modes of transport seen to this day such as waterways, roads and railroads. Suddenly, there was a massive rise in the scale of road transport (Wrigley, 2010:31). The industrial revolution used electricity to power machines, the improvement of electricity established light and sources for the people and communications improved as a result of electricity. The telephone and telegraph were invented and were the principal communicational strategies that were for community use. With the growth of technology, radio waves were revealed. Curre ntly, messages could be sent over long distances in almost no time. The industrial revolution did not only encourage invention but it also introduced improvements in social and government strategies. For instance, in England citizens were given a voice in government, by having an elected British Parliament. Furthermore, the government implemented laws and regulations to protect employees as well as illegalizing child labour. This led to the organization of labour and trade unions, and subsequently to the development of the concept of socialism. Socialists such as Robert Owen, became outspoken and wanted to construct a better life for all people by improving working conditions and fighting against the employment of children under eleven years of age. The socialistic campaigning of Robert Owens contributed to the decrease in work related crime and improvement in working conditions which reduced the levels of disease and hence improved peoples lives (Owen, 1817). The effects of the industrial revolution are therefore immense and long-lasting which have shaped our modern society and improved our lives in many ways. However, along with the many improvements of the industrial revolution, the side-effects of industrialization are also evident today. With energy playing a vital role in powering the industrial revolution the end-result has been the inevitable consequence of pollution bringing about the start and conception of global warming due to carbon emissions, which is more evident today than ever. Prior to the industrial revolution the earths atmosphere had a balanced amount of carbon dioxide compared to today. However, in todays growing economy the burning of fossil fuels for the provision of energy has been deemed necessary, making a change to the atmosphere inevitable. Global warming is increasingly becoming a global issue with its effects becoming more visible today than it was fifty years ago. This is seen in the increase of natural disa sters and extreme weather conditions all stemming from climate change induced by global warming. Due to the need for mass-production coupled with the increase in population, agricultural methods have been transformed with the introduction of pesticides, insecticides and other chemicals posing potential threats to health and well-being. New agriculture methods also increased soil degeneration as well as destroying animal habitats to make room for more agricultural land (Orgcle Think Quest, 1999). However, the most prolific evidence of the Industrial Revolutions impact on the modern world is seen in the global growth in population during the twentieth century. The world population would take on exponential proportions, growing to six billion people just before the start of the twenty- first century which is a four hundred percent population increase in a single century. It has been two hundred and fifty years since the start of the industrial revolution and the world has seen the popu lation increase by six billion people (Ecology, 2011). This population growth has led to poverty, increased levels of air pollution, limited housing due to densely populated areas and limited food supplies. One can easily recognize the negative aspects of the revolution but if we view the revolution as a whole we will see that the positive aspects entirely outweigh the negative aspects. The industrial revolution brought about low-priced goods, an improvement in transportation, medical science, and communication, thus it can be seen that the industrial revolution has been a huge force in improving standards of living for working class. It provided an enormous number of jobs and gave an opportunity for women to work. Moreover, it has led to several significant changes in government bringing about the rise of communism, socialism, labour unions and government regulations. Sacrifices were made which led to technological developments, which in return shaped happiness, life openings and a complete and definite improvement of life. The industrial revolution formed modern society to what is today. As Rousseau accurately observed, Civilization spoils people (Rousseau, 1770)

Loneliness in Herman Melvilles Writing Essay -- Herman Meville Lonely

Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing "[Melville read] The Solitude of Nature and of Man, or The Loneliness of Human Life (by Horatio Alger) making particular note of passages linked with solitude to the intellectual life" (528 Lorant). Loneliness is a major theme of the life and work of Herman Melville. What makes one so damnably alone and is there a cure for this? Loneliness was something that Melville suffered with his whole life yet he must have cherished his alone time somewhat since a writer's life is to be alone. He has been diagnosed through his work as being bi-polar which may have much to do with how his artisitc career shaped up. How else to account for the seemingly impossible outburst of 7 novels in 7 years with such scope and magnitude and widely differing tones? It is the tone Melville takes with each of his books that is the key to his own personal feeling of loneliness at the time of his writing. I aim to show not only the development of this theme, but also the development of the man through the development of this theme. It is a most illuminating key to one's ambiguous inner self that all artists try to express and do justice. "The whole landscape was one unbroken solitude" --TYPEE TYPEE was his first novel and the adventurous, whimsical love of the process of writing is what comes through the most.TYPEE is not characterized by any of the language, dialog, or images of the dark, cracked embittered loneliness on display throught he rest of his career. To be sure, there is little of his later loneliness in TYPEE, but it's absence is worth mention and is notable. And this may hve had much to do with it's success as his subsequent darker works would be far less successful with critic... ...xt because of the density of the text and the sustained poetic cohesiveness it achieves would be ruined. Given Melville's son's suicide; "Billy Budd" takes on all kinds of personal meanings and expressions. It is such a balanced work that reading it is like going through a dream or a memory which is what Budd and Melville's son have become. Melville, like the captain lives with their sons name always on their lips tot heir dying day. But as was said earlier, it's the tone that's the key and the tone here so gentle, quiet, and accepting as to be the most moving piece and appropriate final pieces to a career and a life because with Melville writing and his life were inseparable. In sum, by looking at this theme and his work you feel you get closer to its maker which is the best compliment they could hope for--and is the most unlonely thought and feeling one can have. Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing Essay -- Herman Meville Lonely Loneliness in Herman Melville's Writing "[Melville read] The Solitude of Nature and of Man, or The Loneliness of Human Life (by Horatio Alger) making particular note of passages linked with solitude to the intellectual life" (528 Lorant). Loneliness is a major theme of the life and work of Herman Melville. What makes one so damnably alone and is there a cure for this? Loneliness was something that Melville suffered with his whole life yet he must have cherished his alone time somewhat since a writer's life is to be alone. He has been diagnosed through his work as being bi-polar which may have much to do with how his artisitc career shaped up. How else to account for the seemingly impossible outburst of 7 novels in 7 years with such scope and magnitude and widely differing tones? It is the tone Melville takes with each of his books that is the key to his own personal feeling of loneliness at the time of his writing. I aim to show not only the development of this theme, but also the development of the man through the development of this theme. It is a most illuminating key to one's ambiguous inner self that all artists try to express and do justice. "The whole landscape was one unbroken solitude" --TYPEE TYPEE was his first novel and the adventurous, whimsical love of the process of writing is what comes through the most.TYPEE is not characterized by any of the language, dialog, or images of the dark, cracked embittered loneliness on display throught he rest of his career. To be sure, there is little of his later loneliness in TYPEE, but it's absence is worth mention and is notable. And this may hve had much to do with it's success as his subsequent darker works would be far less successful with critic... ...xt because of the density of the text and the sustained poetic cohesiveness it achieves would be ruined. Given Melville's son's suicide; "Billy Budd" takes on all kinds of personal meanings and expressions. It is such a balanced work that reading it is like going through a dream or a memory which is what Budd and Melville's son have become. Melville, like the captain lives with their sons name always on their lips tot heir dying day. But as was said earlier, it's the tone that's the key and the tone here so gentle, quiet, and accepting as to be the most moving piece and appropriate final pieces to a career and a life because with Melville writing and his life were inseparable. In sum, by looking at this theme and his work you feel you get closer to its maker which is the best compliment they could hope for--and is the most unlonely thought and feeling one can have.

History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay -- Immigration

Eleanor Roosevelt said, â€Å"the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.† That statement holds strong for immigrants in America. Equal access to opportunities allows immigrants to achieve the American dream. Their success correlates with America’s success because of the contributions immigrants provide to America. Unfortunately, the current immigration policy in America denies many immigrants the American dream. It is crucial to understand the historical context of immigration in America. Initially, most immigrants were from Europe and were not restricted by any immigration laws. Now, most immigrants come from Latin America but are restricted to severe immigration laws. The Latino/a community is one of the most severely affected groups because the current immigration system disproportionally affects Latino/as. Recognizing how the experience of Latino/a immigrants have been both similar and different in the past from other immigrant groups and dispelling common misconceptions about Latino/as today bring an awareness how Latino/as are affected. Latino/a immigrants share similar experiences of anti-immigrant rhetoric just like other immigrant groups. Many Latino/as in America have faced negative comments based on their identity. For example, Rush Limbaugh, a radio host, expounds negative comments toward Latino/as, particularly Mexicans. He claimed that Mexicans are â€Å"a renegade, potential[ly] criminal element† that is â€Å"unwilling to work† (Media Matters for America, 2/28/06). These malice comments were similar to that of other immigrants. As other immigrant groups of non-English descent started arriving in America, there was an immigrant phobia towards the newcomers. During the mid-1700s, Benjamin Franklin said ... ...ves of immigrant groups such as the Indians, Chinese, and Germans have proved that prior policies have been based on anti-immigrant rhetoric at that time. Therefore, reforming the immigration policies today should not be based on racism, or nativism. In addition, it is important to dispel the misconceptions of the Latino/a immigrations today because it is a mistake to formulate polices based on preconceptions of racialized groups. Works Cited Aoki, Andrew, and Okiyoshi Takeda. Asian American Politics. Polity Pr, 2009. Print. Fernandez, Lilia. "Introduction to U.S. Latino/Latina History." History 324. The Ohio State University. Jennings Hall 0040, Columbus, OH, USA. Address. Media Matters for America n. pag. Web. . "World War II by the Numbers." National World War II Museum n. pag. Web. .

Emily Dickinson Comparative Poems Essay

Emily Dickinson was a religious person, but she always questioned faith and religion in her poetry. She seems to not take a solid stance in the debate between science and faith. However, Dickinson seemed to particularly struggle with the idea of â€Å"faith† and what it really meant. This is evident in most of her poetry, but two poems that indicative of this are â€Å"Faith is a fine invention† and â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz–When I Died†. â€Å"Faith is a fine invention† is a short poem comparing faith and science. I see this poem as a concise and truly accurate claim. Dickinson is basically portraying that religion is okay, just as long as the individual is aware of when it is appropriate to depend upon it. I think this poem does mock religion a bit. She never says that all people who put their trust in their religion are ignorant, but I do believe that she is implying that some may be consumed by their faith, to the point of blindness. Faith cannot solve everything, and those who believe it does are somewhat ignorant to believe so. Dickinson also refers to â€Å"faith† as an â€Å"invention† in the first line of the poem. I feel that to imply that something has been invented would be to suggest that it’s artificial and not concrete. Maybe man has invented religion as a means of a scapegoat in situations, so that’s why faith, to Dickinson, is â€Å"†¦ a fine invention / When Gentlemen can see–† (Dickinson 1-2). It is an invention, because religion sometimes may become a tool to draw attention away from immorality. This is true about those who claim to have strong faiths, but are very quick to find faults in others. Faith should not be way of taking the blame off of oneself. If someone cannot view their own behavior as immoral, are they completely blind? This poem somewhat satirically mocks how people use faith in situations where it may prove to be completely useless. Certain life problems, health ailments especially, cannot be solved by reliance on faith. In a crisis, religion can’t be relied upon to save an individual. I feel that the â€Å"microscope† in line 3 holds multiple meanings. The microscope a tangible tool to help us see things that we cannot see with just the naked eye. This is a metaphor for humans being able to see the truth and reality of a situation. This presents a realness in the poem, as opposed to the â€Å"invention† of faith. â€Å"In an emergency† (Dickinson 4) science would prove to be useful while faith would not. I would argue that this poem definitely forces readers to contemplate her faith. The poem is short, but conveys a clear message. Many individuals turn to god when they are in the midst of a life crisis. However, faith is not the answer â€Å"in an emergency† (Dickinson 4). God cannot always save us, so we must open our eyes and take a closer look to realize this. We must save ourselves sometimes, despite the trust many people have put in their faith. The poem â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I Died† is a poem about death. The speaker has already died, and speaking from the grave, they describe the last few moments of their life. Before the speaker is about to reach â€Å"the light† (Dickinson 14), the buzzing fly that is in the room comes between the speaker and the light. The conclusion of the poem is truly ambiguous and leaves the reader wondering whether or not the speaker reached what would seem to be heaven. It also causes the reader to question if heaven, to Dickinson, is even real or not. The fly coming between the speaker and heaven is representative of reality. The speaker was hoping that before they died, they would be greeted by god, or perhaps Jesus. Dickinson really seems to question god’s existence in this poem. She conveys the fact that many humans try to console themselves with stories about god and heaven. Even when the speaker is about to die, they are hopeful to be greeted by god or jesus, but this is really not the case. Heaven does not provide an afterlife, if heaven really even exists at all. Life is the only tangible thing. The fly interrupting the silence illustrates the ordinary, the average, every day tangible things. Although Emily Dickinson was a religious woman, I did interpret this poem as having an agnostic theme about it. It even leads me to believe that Dickinson was unsure herself if there was truth to faith, and if god was real. She recognized that people liked to almost fantasize about a softer side of death. I believe that people who claim to have very strong faith are guilty of that. Knowing, or at least hoping that you will be taken to heaven by god when you die is a comforting thought. People don’t like to think about the harsh reality of death. As in â€Å"Faith is a fine invention† Dickinson points out that faith is something that man has created. If man has created it, can it actually be real? The way she questions faith in many of her poems would convey to the audience to believe that she had very deep struggles with her own faith and religion.

The Critique of “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals”

Advertisements are part of our daily lives and they are inextricably linked. Since we were young, the world was at our fingertips, bombarded with a society that has been shaped by advertising. Advertisements make a great impact in our lives that influence our decision-making and buying habits, even changing our perception of certain products or services. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals† is an informative and educational article, which is written by Jib Fowles, a professor of Communication at the University of Houston Clear Lake. This article first appeared in Etc.39:3 (1982) and was reprinted in the college textbook – Advertising and Popular Culture (1996). In the â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals†, Fowles provides readers with a set of information that discusses how advertising contains certain unconscious emotional appeals which fall into fifteen distinguishable categories. Besides that, he also explains how advertisers try to in fluence consumers through various physiological and psychological levels. This article educates advertisers and college students who are majoring in advertising on how to make effective advertisements.Also, Fowles analyzes tactics that advertisers use and gives readers his opinions and suggestions on how to make an advertisement more effective (539-556). To provide a good source of information, the author himself should be credible in order to make readers believe that his article contains credible and valuable information. Not only is the credibility of the author important, but also the content of the article should be thorough and detailed so that it can help readers get good quality information. Finally, Fowles did a great job organizing his article.It was easy for readers to follow his steps throughout the whole article because of the sub-tittles he provided for each appeal. Based on these criteria’s, I believe Fowles’ article is a good source of information for r eaders and the information and general knowledge of advertising that he provided might be helpful for advertisers and students in the future. Jib Fowles, who is a professor of Communication at the University of Houston Clear Lake, has been working in the social science field for over 30 years.Fowles has written an abundant amount of articles and books on popular media; such as Mass Advertising as Social Forecast: A method for Futures Research (1976), Why Viewers Watch: A Reappraisal of Television’s Effects (1992) and The Case of Television Violence (1999)(539). All of his articles and books have appeared in publications, proving that Fowles has the ability to gain exposure of his articles to the public. Besides that, Fowles, used to work with Henry A. Murray who is a psychologist at the Harvard Psychological Clinic where Murray and his colleagues conduct the full taxonomy of need (Fowles 543).As Fowles has demonstrated his expertise in the social science area and provided rea ders with his teaching and working experience as a supportive point, it helps him establish his trustworthy image. As an informative author, Fowles provided thorough and detailed information in order to make sure his readers understood his points easily. He listed out all of the fifteen basic appeals of advertising, described the individual appeals and gave examples from contemporary print and broadcast ads that might occur to readers (542-56). It made the ads more relevant so that it could be applied in the daily life of readers.For example, the definition of the need to achieve, which according to Murray is an admiration to accomplish something difficult, to overcome obstacles and to attain a high standard, to excel one’s self, to rival and surpass others (548). Fowles gives his readers several examples of certain products that advertise themselves in the best way by trying to make contact with consumers needs to succeed (549). Besides that, advertisers are trying to implem ent messages, both hidden and apparent, in which these needs stir wants, indirectly manipulating consumers’ decisions.In this article, Fowles also shares his opinions of the tactics that advertisers use and discusses the different styles of advertisements. He clarifies the general concept of how effective advertisements work and how does it effect consumer perception of certain products (542-56). The information that is provided by Fowles stirs up interest in readers, making them want more. In addition to the above, well organized â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals† article is also a main reason why it is a good source of information.Fowles organized this article systematically by using bold heading, a small title for every appeal and a list that stated the appeals that he was going to discuss (540-556). All of these make a reader follow his messages easily and makes digestion of information easier. Instead of putting all the appeals in one paragraph, Fow les separates the fifteen appeals into individual paragraphs by following the needs of different titles (543-53). At a glance, readers can find the information they want easily by searching titles, which interest them. Having a good title draws a reader’s attention and does not let the content mislead the reader.On one hand, these criteria can support this articles claim as a good source of information, but on the other hand, the information might be outdated and invalid. Since this article has existed over 30 years, even the advertisements platform and society has changed. The examples that Fowles provided might not be related to the reader’s current life. It would be a hard task for readers to understand the outdated information. Even though advertisements might be nugatory and possibly readers will not be familiar with the examples given, basic human needs are still the same overtime (542-53).Readers can still understand the concept of the appeals and set a new exam ple for themselves. Outdated information might not be an issue big enough to make Fowles’ article invalid. However it makes readers think further on how to apply the advertisements that they are familiar with in order to meet their needs. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals† is a timeless article that provides useful references for the public, especially for advertisers and students who are majoring in advertising.By analyzing Fowles’ article, I realized that we are confronted daily by hundreds of advertisements, only a few of which can actually attract our attention. That is the message Fowles’ article is trying to transmit, how â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals† make an effective advertisement. I believe that Fowles article is a good source of information, not only does it contain valuable information, but also he shares his opinions of his general knowledge of advertising that we, the readers, can apply to our future.

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Questions - Essay Example 2. Notice our lecture begins the SWOT analysis in Chapter 3 with the external environment –  an environmental scan of the opportunities and threats. The internal analysis begins in the next lecture –  Chapter 4. Why is that? Why do you begin your SWOT analysis externally, not internally? The external analysis is more important than the internal analysis for a number of reasons. The external environment analysis takes into account non-controllable factors that affect the company but which the company cannot control. If the company does not take them into consideration, they could affect the very operations of the company. An internal analysis, on the other hand, only seeks to address issues within the company- meaning that these are concerns that the company is in a position to control. 3. As a corporate â€Å"strategic planning†Ã‚  resource, is it better to have assets or competencies. Give an example †¦Ã‚  a different one than your classmates’  examples. And, do not say â€Å"both† or â€Å"it depends.† Pick one and explain it. Strategic assets are basically a corporation’s own resources. Core competencies, on the other hand, refer to a company’s best capabilities. In essence, strategic assets are worthless until they are converted into products that can be used by the company’s customers. Competencies are quite important as they can be used by businesses to leverage their strategic resources and generate a unique advantage over business rivals (Rumelt, 2011). Competencies are the more valuable choice. 4. Give an example of a product-market and why it fits the criteria for a product-market. Each student must give a â€Å"different†Ã‚  example –OR– disagree with another student’s example explaining why the disagreement. One input per student, please. A "product market" refers to the distinct society demographic to which a business targets its newly created products. For instance, a new range of age defying

Evidence in Criminal Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evidence in Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example The ‘Exclusion’ provision serves to protect citizens while at the same time educating the law enforcers on the importance of upholding the constitution. Laws, in their very nature, are designed to protect the citizens, regardless of their standing in society. This is such that everyone, including entities suspected of various crimes, may lay claim to fair treatment as per the constitution. Some of the amendments used as the bases for rights suspected criminals are the 4th and 14th amendments, protecting citizens from injustices, especially injustices by law enforcers. One of the provisions of these amendments is the right to exclude evidence that is illegally obtained from the trial (Colb, 2011). Laws that deal will exclusion of evidence are sometimes marred by a conspicuous lack of clarity. These laws particularly have been a source of contention in the justice system, warranting the need for a deeper look into the subject. The piece sets out to talk about the function of the 4th and 14th amendments in protecting the rights of suspects. This is especially as regards exclusion of evidence. Some of the questions to be taken into consideration include an example of a case where excluding evidence changed the outcome of the case. In addition, the paper will discuss the 4th and 14th amendments at length, giving justifications for the laws in the place. This case involves police that stopped a car belonging to Davis and arrested him for issuing wrong information to them. That is, Willies Gene Davis lied about his name. The police arrested him, cuffed him, and secured in the police car. This was followed by a search of his car, during which the police came across a firearm in his jacket pocket. David faced prosecution by the United States for possessing a firearm. Citing the 4th amendment, David moved to have the weapon

Criminal Court Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal Court Visit - Essay Example The general majority believe that crime is on a constant rise, although statistics show offenses are at their lowest since the early 1990s. Criminologists blame news coverage for the unwarranted increase f the public's awareness f crime versus actual crime. Politicians exploit the sensationalized crime as a way to relate to the public's perception that the increased crime needs special attention, so they manipulate the reports by the media. Although the television has been harmful in it's' distortion f reality, it is useful in keeping people informed on criminal information and warnings when there is a real concern. Criminal procedure is generally based on the idea f obtaining balance in the system. Criminal procedure is composed f the rules governing the series f proceedings through which the substantive criminal law is enforced. (Law about Criminal Procedures) The public perceives that there are not enough rules regulating police and that police have too much discretion in obtaining information and evidence in charging and individual with a crime. Unfortunately, when you make it easier to prove guilt, then it becomes harder to establish innocence. (Overview f Criminal Procedure) The public may perceive that the ends justify the means and that the criminal procedure as it is written today may violate or deprive an individual f the constitutional rights. An example f one court case; U.S. vs. Dunnock, 295 f.3d 431 (4th Cir. 2002) Defendant, "by virtue f the fact he was standing outside his home in the presence f police as they were about to execute a valid search warrant, had all the benefits f the protections afforded by the knock and announce. There are basic guidelines governing criminal procedures, such as; reasonable suspicion is used in stopping or frisking an individual, and probable cause is used to arrest, sear, or detain a suspect. Criminal procedure must balance the defendant's right and the state's interest in a speedy and efficient trial with the desire for justice Court Procedures The public perception f the courts is either the jurors are not fully informed as to the ramifications or what their specific duties are pertaining to the case at hand. Many time juries will not be informed that their decision will pass down an extremely harsh sentence for fear that they will not find guilt because they do not like the sentencing guidelines for the criminal activity. For example; the jury foreperson in the Waco massacre case wept openly when she discovered how much prison time the federal government gave those defendants. She further stated, if the jury had known the accused were going to receive such severe sentences, that even though they were guilty f the crimes, they would have never been convicted (Jury Nullification). The statement that was made by the foreperson f that jury would have nullified the jury. If a juror disagrees with the law and court instructions a judge can remove the juror. The perception from the public on this matter is if the juror disagrees with the majority f the jurors the judge can remove that particular one. The judges and prosecutors not only blame the mishandling f many criminal court cases and appeals on the increased case loads, but they fault political agendas and the pendulum swing f what the public perceives as criminal

Introduction to e-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Introduction to e-commerce - Essay Example In addition, it exceeded the expectations of today’s technology, and enabled the communication industry to integrate their functionality. However, in today’s highly modernized communication world, WAP has some limitations to its functionality. Visible limitations include 1) the pace by which the wireless application protocol is transferred from wireless networks to handheld devices 2) Undeniably, high updating cost of WAP device and WAP content 3) inability of handheld devices using the application to transfer large and bulk amount of data 4) high monetary value of application (Landers, 2002). Moreover, specific engineering of WAP supports only handheld devices in a modern wireless environment. Its limitations make it unreliable to optimize WAP features and the benefits of the application. â€Å"Low bandwidth, high network latency, slow data processing, limited memory, and different obstacles make the application process slow in wireless devices† (Landers, 2002). By pooling abovementioned limitations, one could easily understand that WAP is not user friendly for hand held devices. Therefore, it is necessary to design a substitute suite of technologies that will provide functionality comparable to standard technologies. In addition, the potential of WAP to revolutionize the practice awaits exploration until or unless the technology associated with the WAP receives alteration (Stallings,

The Guardian Building, Detroit, Michigan Research Paper

The Guardian Building, Detroit, Michigan - Research Paper Example Detroit is credited with the best paintings and the best painters like Graham Beal, Julie Mehretu and Jane Hammond. In Detroit, the Detroit Institute of Arts also has a wide collection of paintings which hail from all corners of the world consequently making Detroit an art attraction city. It is reported that Detroit owns more than 100 art galleries which showcase the talent and creativity of the people of Detroit (Uhr, 4). Painting being is one of the major aspects of art that has been vividly exploited by the people of Detroit. Due to this, this paper will explain the recent and old art of Detroit with a main focus on paintings around its metropolitan area. Paintings in Detroit The Detroit area hosts a wide range of paintings safely kept in galleries, museums, schools and famous buildings with some of the oldest and famous painters credited for the beautiful works. One of the oldest painters in Detroit was Diego Rivera who painted twenty seven wall paintings. His paintings featured the traditional Mexican culture which resembles the indigenous Indian culture (Scripps, 54). It is evident that art was used to express the heritage and culture of a people. Moreover, Diego Rivera’s work also included wall paintings or murals of the Ford Company at the start of making of the fuel propelled engine (Scripps, 147). He painted workers at the industry working with big machinery inside the Ford Company making the engines. This was a great monument which until today holds the memory of the beginning of the petrol engine designing. On the walls, Rivera painted murals with varied expressions from the cultural traditions of the Mexican people to the industrialism if the American nation (Scripps, 97). They were considered his greatest success which depicted the industrial and technological revolutions that were taking place around the nineteenth century. It is also evident that painting as art also stores the memories and events that were take place at a certain time I n addition, Thomas Cole in 1845 and 1847 painted one of the most extraordinary pieces of the view of lakes and peaks at sunset (Richardson, 57). This was a great painting which attracted attention from the greatest collectors in Detroit. It was finally stored in the Schwartz Galleries among other paintings done by Thomas Cole. In his paintings, Thomas Cole expressed nature at different views clearly exploring the diverse natural attractions of Detroit. This explains that art is also used in the expression of certain natural phenomena. This led to increased tourist visitations and further enhancing the art of the Detroit people (Downs, Rivera & Kahlo, 57). Other inspiring and talented painters have also hailed from Detroit. Particularly, Patricia Hill Burnett (Siler) a lady who was born in Brooklyn moved to Detroit with her mother and started professional portrait painting (Beal, 21). She is credited with some famous paintings including the painting of the Philippines President Coraz on Aquino in her presidential palace in Manila, the portraits of Margaret Thatcher, Max Fisher, Jackie Joyner Kersee and Indira Gandhi. Another artist who was very talented is Shelden Iden, who is credited with beautiful works of himself, and the inspiring paintings of the great Indian caves using the light rays that were streaming through the cave openings. Robert Wilbert, another painter based in

Explain the Muslim idea of Religious Authority Essay Example for Free

Explain the Muslim idea of Religious Authority Essay Revelations are the way in which we receive knowledge of God and this is done through the Holy Books. In the Christian tradition there is an understanding that the Bible is a medium of revelation (Prepositional view), this is where the truths recorded by God are recorded, there is also an understanding that revelation is the way in which God acts with human experience through history (non-prepositional view) In Islam religious authority comes from God via the Quran through the process of tanzil. The Quran tells them about God and gives them guidance this is the book in its guidance is sure without doubt. The Sunnah and the Hadith are also sources of authority. The Sunnah, which is the life example of the Prophet Mohammad, is a source of authority because he was a wise and trustworthy man who settled tribal disputes. The Hadith is also a source of authority because Muslims look to Mohammad because he showed true obedience to Allahs commands. The Imam also has authority, the Shiites believe the Imam possess spiritual ability and divine light but the Sunnis simply see the Imam as a leader of prayer who has no superior status. The Shariah is also part of religious authority because this is the Islamic law for Muslims and it gives all the basic rules and regulations as to how human beings should live and act in a political, economic, social and collective individual spheres. The Shariah looks at family life, inheritance, marriage, food regulations and divorce for example Muslims must eat halal foods, those that have been slaughtered by the neck vein being slit and blood drained whilst the name of Allah is invoked. Muslims follow the Shariah so that they are doing what is good and right according to God and removing evil from society, which works through the process of Greater and Lesser Jihad. Greater Jihad is about establishing maruf (right) and removing munkar (evil) from yourself A Muslim learns to control his own bad desires and actions. Lesser Jihad is the struggle of the Muslim community to remove haram from society. Evil will always exist in society and a Muslim must resist this by showing true dedication to Allahs commands. In Islam Allah is the main source of religious authority and to help Muslims to show they are showing their authority towards God, Muslims believe that Allah allows evil and suffering in the world to see if they do what is right. Muslims have free will and believe that everything is pre-determined and that Allah knows the present, the past and the future of every creature but this does not mean that man has and freedom of will, its just that they have the choice to obey or disobey Allah and that this will show on the day of judgement whether they will go to Heaven/ Hell because all their actions are judged. Religious authority from the Quran is seen to govern every aspect of life for example women in Islam are seen as the most important in the family. She is the one who should keep a halal home and to make sure food and dress laws are kept. The teachings of Islam is that women should have total equality in religion and education but they can never be fully equal, for example the husband has more power but with that comes a lot of responsibilities to perform The man has full responsibility for the maintenance of his family therefore a man has more inheritance than a womens because his need is seen to be greater. Through the 5 Pillars Muslims are seen to be showing obedience to Allahs commands this is because they are a very intense and personal struggle to abide by and through reading the Quran Muslims believe that it enhances there spiritual development because it is the word of God. They believe it is the pure word of God because it is seen to be a perfect copy of a timeless document. In Islam the Quran is more important than the Bile/Torah because they where seen to be distorted to suit their believing communities and the revelations in the Quran are believed to be recorded when Mohammad received them. The other basic beliefs of Islam such as Tawhid are also seen as authority. Tawhid implies that everything is created by Allah; it is the belief in Allah with all his powers. It is a source of authority because this is one way a Muslim fulfils Allahs commands as it reveals Gods loving and caring nature. From a non-religious perspective a philosopher would look to reasoning to emphasise human freedom to make moral choices. They would argue that all of humanity relies upon their conscience to decide what is right and wrong, and for many this authority does not come from God. However from a Christian perspective this higher level of consciousness comes from God. In Islamic terms we gain our conscious awareness from Quranic teachings about Akirah which gives us focus for this temporary life on earth, from taw hid which reveals the qualities of God that we should aim to develop in our own hearts (such as love and compassion), and Al Qadr which ultimately points to a pre-determined path which only God knows about he does not dictate.