Welfare and unemployment Essay Example for Free

Welfargon and unemployment EssayWelfare is a term used to describe a wide spectrum of parameters for human considerably being. These parameters include security, education, frugality, housing, wellness and natural environment. In essence, welfare encompasses healthyness of all aspects of life. Basically, welfare can be be as wellness or well doing or wellbeing in regard to enjoyment of health and common blessings of life, free from any evil or disasters development and happiness. Welfare can be viewed in the perspective of both an individual and community as a whole. On the other hand, unemployment refers to a situation where an individual is available to work and soon searching for work but there is no where he/she can work. The level of unemployment is measured by unemployment rate which is usually described as the percentage of the good deal in the labor force who have gotten employed. It is a matter of course that unemployment impacts negatively to the welfare of the race in a country. These impacts occur at individual, family and community levels.Some of the impacts of unemployment that are commonly known include poor housing, overleap of income, poor health, lack of food, insecurity, lack of education , accumulation of debts, Xenophobia, protectionism and immigration indeed it is agreeable among people of different quotas that unemployment and welfare are closely related (Anderson, 2000, 67) . To begin with, one of the most important measures of welfare is health. According to WHO, health is defined as a earth of complete wellness physiologically, stintingally, socially and emotionally and not merely the absence of a disease or disability.In this regard, economy and social factors are key determinants of human health. The welfare of the economy and social spatial congress is dependent on the availability of work that provides employment to the people. In the contemporary world, employment means work which is consistent and money can be pa id for it. The need for earning money has made a paying job as a top agenda in the priorities and lives of some people. Due to this reason, job has got a significant impact on the mental, physical and social health status of the society.There is a lot of documented research and empirical evidence on the effects of lack of jobs on the health of the people. Employment to may people gives them a sense of consistency, purpose and identity, belongingness, social identity and a chance for individuals growth and development. In some cases, some say that it provides to them self-fulfillment and creativity. When one is unemployed, he/she is considered to have lost these vital benefits and therefore it results to adverse effects to his/her health (Earney, 1997, 102).According to numerous studies that have conducted world wide, there seems to be a pattern of increasing mortality rate during the times of negative economic growth, such as time of increasing unemployment. For example, in Scotlan d (1983), there was a time lag of 0 to 13 years in its population, meaning that the death rate was increased by the continuously high and rising unemployment during that time. This joining of health and unemployment can be depicted well in the studies of cardiovascular diseases.From analysis of various studies, it has been proved that there is a positive relationship of unemployment and coronary heart diseases deaths. This is basically because of the stress that is related with unemployment. From these studies, it has been specifically storied that, aged employees who were retrenched and the young people who are jobless are more prone to cut and high blood pressure disorders than the other segments of the populations.The other measure of the association between unemployment and health is number of suicides. In the studies that have been conducted so far, it has been proved that in most cases, those who attempted suicide had been unemployed or jobless. This was more so among the a dolescents males. Research has also shown that high risks of injury and accidents are related to unemployment (Nelson, 1999, 33). Unemployment has also been identify as one of the cause of the legion(predicate) mental problems being experienced of late.It is confirmed by research that immediate job loss, long time joblessness and many mental and physical health disorders are closely related. The mental health negative effects of joblessness include consistent depression, insomnia, self-harming feelings , anxiety, dullness, pessimism , decline in self love and reduced ability to make decision. In one of the studies in USA, it was found that the physicians recorded the highest number of psychiatric patients during the times of economic recession which is characterized by a lot of joblessness.Also, worthy noting was the unique finding that most health facilities received the highest number of clients in the times of economic difficulties contrary to the normal assumption of the peopl e that patients increase at the time of economic boom when there is a lot of money in circulation for pursuit healthcare. Unemployment does not spare the welfare of children either. It has been noted that children are adversely affected when the parents are jobless.In such cases, the families lack finances to cater for their basic demand like seeking for health care, education, auspices and food. This results to increased infant mortality, morbidity rates and hospital admissions. In one of the studies in Britain, it was found out that unemployment doubled the risk of sickness for young children who were admitted at the health facilities. Unemployment makes the young to suffer from material deprivation, depression and other psychological problems, somatic symptoms and sicknesses, juvenile delinquency, poor performance in school and lack of fastener to the parents.It has also been observed that child abuse and neglect becomes rampant when jobless occurs (Gulluly, 1998, 23). For wo men, the problem of unemployment hits the hardest. It predisposes them to the practice of prostitution so as to earn income for catering for their needs and their families. Such practice has resulted to quick spread of sexually transmitted infections like HIV and others. Moreover, joblessness among women leads to increased levels of the cases of maternal mortality . This is due to lack finances for seeking maternal health services, which in most developing countries are paid for.To worsen the situation, the married women have been on the receiving end in the times of unemployment since many men divorce them or run away leaving them with a heavy burden of feeding the families. Such cases have been reported in developing countries where the men leave their wives and migrate to other areas in the name of hunting for job. The babble effect of this kind of migration is extended to food production in that it leads to the lack of manpower in rural areas and therefore agriculture is adver sely affected.When it comes to the relationship between unemployment and housing, it is evident that the low level of income which is associated with unemployment results to mushrooming of informal settlements like slums in towns and squatters in rural areas. The unemployed lack money to rent descent houses or buy land of their own thus results to deviation of the law and settling in lands owned by other people. This leads to cycle of crimes and battles between the security officers and the jobless people.In addition to this, standards of living are affected with the informal settlement dwellers miss basic necessities like drainage systems, water and other sanitation facilities hence frequent outbreaks of diseases (Snower, 2000, 16). In other cases, chronic lack of jobs leads to xenophobic attacks that polarizes the diplomatic relation of a country with others. This occurs due to thinking that unemployment results when the available jobs are being taken by a foreigner who is regard ed as non citizens.During this kind of attacks, robbery, rape, destruction of property and demonstrations become the order of the day. To evade such adverse influences of unemployment, many countries have come up with economic strategic plans that attempt to ensure there are adequate employment opportunities to absorb jobless people and graduates from both universities and other tertiary level colleges. USA has been on the fore front in endeavor. The president-elect exalt Obama has come up with policies for the country to address the low level of unemployment that had occurred during the previous government (Adam, 2003, 86).These include provision of immediate tax cut for workers and their families. This aims to make half(prenominal) of the tax credit be available to the workers and the jobless thus maintaining the consumer expenditure, strengthening the economy as well as rescuing many Americans who are faced with economic challenges. Another strategy which president Oboma is us ing is the provision of immediate supplement to social security for the low and middle income seniors. This is because the president understands that high prices are overburdening the seniors living on fixed incomes.He is providing to the middle and low income that are not benefiting from the tax credit, an immediate one time supplement to their social security benefit. cheek of a kitty to assist families from foreclosure is another way which Obama is using to cushion the low income earners and the unemployed. This plan will aid people to live in their residentials and renegotiate with their lenders as well as preventing more decline in property values thus reducing the effect of a national foreclosure crisis on the state and household budgets.Lastly, he has initiated the provision of relief for local and state governments badly hit by housing crisis to protect curtailment of services like health education and infrastructure. This is because the housing crisis and sinking economy has resulted to significant decline of revenue in both state and local governments. In conclusion therefore, it is of a dominant importance for any government to ensure that the economy is properly managed to produce employment opportunities since failure to do so may result to eruption of incidences that ripple the welfare of a country.Work citedAdams Frank. Unemployment and Social Decay in Urban areas. Routledge, London, 2003, pp. 86 Anderson Ewan. An Introduction to Essentials of Economics.. Praeger Publishers, Westport CT, 2000, pp. 67 Earney Fillmore. The Global Indicators of Social Welfare. Macmillan Publishers, London, 1997, pp. 102 Gulluly James. The Principles of Economics. W. H Fremmil, 1998, pp. 23 Nelson Daniel. Unemployment indemnification The American Experience. University of Wisconsin, 1999, NewYork, pp. 33 Snower Dennis. Unemployment Benefits An Assessment for Reforms. Macmillan Publishers, London, 2000, pp. 16

The Importance of Truth-Telling Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Truth-Telling EssayTelling the honor is something that comes up for the majority of us in childhood. It is considered impolite to deception and when a lie was told, or you were untruthful, it was often considered a reflection of your parents moral attitudes. Unfortunately, we all seem to have been taught differently the exact nature of a truth or lie and the right or wrong way to use that randomness. In To Lie or Not to Lie? The Doctors quandary (2007), the topic of truth versus lies by doctors specifically, is discussed. composition I believe it is important for doctors to be truthful in their dealings with patients, the 5 Ws carry to be explored what and to whom is truth, how and when are doctors choices for truth-telling determined and why it is important for them to tell the truth to their patients. Truth conformity to fact or reality according to the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, does not appear in society to be that concrete. From childhood we were tau ght about the importance of truth with the consequences of our actions meted out if we were not truthful.Often our understanding of this subject was not the analogous as Johnnys next door and we were left with this confusing amalgamation, forced to gage for ourselves on a situational basis how much was lie or truth in any given statement. Societys opinion on this topic therefore is varied based on our own individual(a) ethics developed over the years. Doctors, held to far higher standards than the rest of us, are forced to play God with their patients, although the Un certainty principle suggests that there is no certainty in wellness care, therefore no absolute truth to reveal.Truth-telling mickle never be achieved. (Tuckett, 2004, p. 500). In his determinations a doctor must be sure to distinguish the notion of truth as the way things really are (so-called objective truth) from that of truth as the way a person believes things to be. (Tuckett, 2004, p. 508). TRUTH-TELLING 3 The Importance of Truth-Telling The American College of Physicians Ethics Manual influences decision making by doctors via principles. Although these principles do not provide ordered rules, these principles can help doctors and other health care workers to make decisions when reflecting on moral issues that arise at work. (Gillon, 1994, p. 184).Respect for Autonomy, one of these guiding principles used in most of the decisions with desire term disabilities or terminal illnesses, acknowledges a persons right to hold views, to make choices and to take actions (Shahidi, 2010, p. 590). Medical Ethics are in place to create a balance among all versions of truth and provide structure for the relationship between doctor and patient, as well to provide guidance for the doctor and protect the rights of the patient.Because truth is not black and white like we sometimes wish to think the doctor can use this framework to foster an honest and trusting relationship with his patients. The cons equences can be colossal lasting if the truth is not told to patients in a timely fashion or in its entirety. Illness can get forward from you quickly with no chance to turn back the clock or simply the chance to make amends to facilitate a peaceful exit. Doctors deceiving patients, whether by omission or by using semi-truths, erodes trust in that relationship (Tuckett, 2004).By not being honest with a patient diagnosis they whitethorn cause the patient undue hardship as according to Mitchell, Patients with false information or no information about their condition may by chance mislead other physicians involved in their treatment (Shahidi, 2010, p. 592). Lying also strips the patients ability to be autonomous and fails to show respect for persons. While truth-telling maintains the competent patients status as an adult. (Tuckett, 2004, p. 505). TRUTH-TELLING 4 The Importance of Truth-Telling.Maintaining the patients welfare should be the primary goal of a doctor darn he is determi ning exactly just how to address the truth-telling. One of the principles under medical ethics is above all do no harm. The long lasting consequences of choosing which truth to tell could call into question this principle. We have determined that truth is not as cut and dried as we would like it to be, entirely there still needs to be a focus on honesty, truthfulness, and full disclosure with doctors and their patients.Our health is a joint effort, and we need to be capable to rely on and trust our medical professionals to let us know what really is happening. I believe that the least amount of harm in the long run would be in telling the complete truth, however I understand that we are all different and our situations are different and it then stands to curtilage that the solutions will all be different as well. By keeping in mind the who, what, where, when, why and even how, I think the acquisition of this information would give the best answer to each truth-telling situation.

Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module

Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional staffA man too quick to take care of his wellnessis like a mechanic too busy to take care of his tools.Seizure is a neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked electrical discharges that disrupt the nervous system and can cause abnormalities such as abnormal blood levels of calcium, magnesium, glucose which can trigger one or more transport conditions that irritate the brain. (Christensen and Vestergaard, 2007)Most sight with ecstasy lead outwardly normal exserts. Approximately 80% can be aided by modern therapies, and some may take months or years between each ecstasy attack. However, this condition can affect daily life of people with raptus, their family and their friends. People with captures who ignore manipulation have, a shorter life expectancy and increased risk of cognitive impairment. People with seizure have an higher risk of brusque self -esteem, depression and suicide tendency. These problems may by a reaction that may result in cruelty and avoidance by other people. (httpwww.nih.gov)establish on the total projected population of India, the estimated number of people with seizure would be 5.5 million. Based on a single get on the incidence of seizure, the number of new cases of seizure in each year would be close to half a million (Epilepsy status 2009) .The average incidence browse was higher than many developed countries, but get off than the developing countries. (Shankar Saha, and Shyamal Das, 2008)Seizure becomes a medical emergency, when seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or when a person has many seizures and does not wake up between them. Good level-headed habits may help to control seizure such as hefty sleep habits, stress reduction, proper exercise, good nutrition, regular intake of medicine etc. (Rubin and Kornblau, 2009)NEED FOR THE STUDYMany people with seizure also live with ever present fear of getting another attack. The risk of seizure acts as a barri er for their independence In USA people with seizure or other handicaps cannot be denied employment or access to many educational, recreational or other activities due to their seizure. However one survey in India showed that about 56% of people with seizure finish high school education and only 15% finish college education. These rates are found lower than those of the general population. These numbers indicate that some important barriers still exist for people with seizure.The risk of seizures becomes a barrier for peoples recreational choices sports is a positive calculate in life which is best for the person to participate. Women with seizure are often concerned about whether they can become pregnant and have a healthy child. This is usually a possible situation. Probably 90% women with seizure have the chance of bearing a normal healthy baby and the risk of turn in defects is only associated with gestation and delivery.The researcher personally felt that seizure episodes a re common and often recurrent if the enduring does not maintain good health habits. The fellowship level regarding safety measures on management of seizure is essential for people. So the researcher got interested to prepare a Self Instructional Module regarding promotion of safety measures among patients with seizure.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe study to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on acquaintance regarding promotion of safety measures among patients with seizure and chief(a) care givers in selected hospitals at Salem.OBJECTIVESTo develop and validate Self Instructional Module regarding promotion of safety measures for patients with seizure and primary care givers.To appreciate the knowledge score on Safety measures regarding seizure management before and after exposed to SIM among patients with seizure and primary care givers.To find out the connection between pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables (Age in years, Edu cational status)RESEARCH HYPOTHESES (Level of significance pH1 The mean set up-test knowledge score after exposed to SIM leave behind be higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score among patients with seizure.H2 The mean post-test knowledge score after exposed to SIM leave alone be higher than mean pre-test knowledge score among primary care givers of patients with seizure.H3 There volition be significant association between the pre-test knowledge level on promotion of safety measures among seizure patients with their selected demographic variables.H3(a) There will be significant association between the pre-test knowledge level on promotion of safety measures among seizure patients with their age.H3(b) There will be significant association between the pre-test knowledge level on promotion of safety measures among seizure patients with their educational status.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS1. EffectivenessIn this study Effectiveness refers to the significant difference in mean pre tes t and post test knowledge score regarding promotion of safety measures on management of seizure among the samples.a). experience of patients with seizure In this study , it refers to the level of information which is known by the patients with seizure regarding promotion of safety measures which includes drug regimen marriage and pregnancy relaxation therapy and safety measures on management of seizure which will be assessed by using a structured questionnaire, with Multiple choice questions . The scores will be interpreted as below 50% Inadequate knowledge 50% 75% moderate knowledge and above 75% adequate knowledge.b). Knowledge of primary care givers of patients with seizureIn this study it refers to the level of information regarding promotion of safety measures which includes care of patient during and after seizure by the primary care giver which is assessed by structured questionnaire that contains multiple choice questions. The scores will be interpreted as below 50% In adequate knowledge 50% 75% moderate knowledge above 75% adequate knowledge.2. Primary CaregiverIn this study it refers to a person who is being with the patient and giving care before, during and after a seizure attack.3. Self Instructional ModuleSection-1 For patients with seizureIn this study it refers to a self explanatory unravel regarding the promotion of safety measures on management of seizure. It gives information regarding meaning of seizure, its causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and management of seizure.Section 2 For primary care givers of patients with seizureIn this study it refers to stupefy of guidelines regarding promotion on care of patients with seizure for the primary care givers. It gives information regarding the care of patient during after seizure.4. Patients with SeizureIn this study, it refers to individuals who are diagnosed as patients with seizure for the past one year and who attend the out- patient department for regular treatm ent in selected Hospitals at Salem.5. Safety Measures on Management of SeizureIn this study it refers to the information regarding safety measures on drug regimen relaxation therapy care during and after seizure which should be followed by the patient to avoid strong-arm as well as mental harm.6. Demographic Variablesa) Age in yearsIn this study the age group from 20 to 60 years was included.b) GenderIt refers to the sex of the patient with seizure and primary care giver (male and female).c) Educational statusIn this study primary school to post receive level were included.d) Family member in health professionIn this study it refers to the individual in the family who is working as doctor, nurse, physiotherapist or other health personnel.ASSUMPTIONThe knowledge on seizure and care during seizure is essential for people to lead a healthy life and to promote psychosocial well being.The meliorate knowledge will help in preventing the further attack of seizure.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONFor mal permission will be obtained from the concern authority from the Neuro Hospital OPD where the study is conducted.Written informed consent will be obtained from the samples after explaining the usefulness of study.DELIMITATIONSSample size is delimited to 30 patients on regular treatment and their primary care givers who attend OPD.Patients with seizure who are accompanied by primary care giver.Study is delimited to those who will be available for post test.SUMMARYThis chapter dealt with the introduction, need for the study statement of the problem objectives hypotheses operational definitions assumption ethical consideration and delimitations.

Aldehyde, Ketone Tests and Preparation of Derivatives

Aldehyde, Ketone Tests and Preparation of DerivativesResultsI. Aldehyde and ketone testes and preparation of differentials2,4 DINIROPHENYL HYDRAZINEObservations2-butanoneSolid orange lessen at bottomBenzaldehydemp of derivative217-220C dark yellow-bellied precipitate forms.BISULFITE ADDITION TESTAcetophenoneCloudy ,off-white solution (no defendion)2-butanoneClear solution and no colour change(no fight downion)BenzaldehydeWhite precipitation forming subsequently few minutes from clear solution. It appears like white solid crystals.Trans-cinnamaldehydeThick white yellow particles floating (precipitate) on top and clear solution at bottom.IODOFORM TESTAcetophenoneSolution turned to yellow, yellow precipitate formn-butyraldehydeForms 2 beds top layer creamy and bottom layer lime yellow(no controvertion)2,4-pentanedione3 layers top layer lime yellow, middle layer foggy and bottom layer orange-yellow precipitate.OXIDATION OF ALDENHYDES2-butanoneOrange red colour precipitate turns to green after long time. Takes long time to react.n-butyraldehydeBottom greenish brown colour precipitate and top layer brown. Precipitate after 1 minuteBenzaldehyde trace greenish brown precipitate and liquid is greenish colour forms immediately after adding CrO3.II. Alcohol tests and preparation of derivativesSODIUM TESTObservations1-butanolLitmus test pH of 9-10 is observed forms dark blue colour. Bubbles forms after adding sodium in solution. 2 layers atomic number 18 seen which are clear after adding ether.LUCAS TEST1-butanol2 layers top layer light orange and bottom layer clear solution2-pentanol (sec-amyl alcoholic beverage)2 layers top layer light clear and bottom is off-white. Observed after 3 minute.1-propanolClear solution. Observed after 2 minutes.t-butyl alcohol(2-methyl-2-propanol)Reaction occurs as soon as reagent is added.3 layers top clear, middle layer off-white and bottom off-white. Observed in 2 seconds.URETHANE DERIVATIVE1-heptanolMp 25-30 C white crystals forms after cooling, white precipitateIII. Solubility testsSolubility In WaterSolubility in Cyclohexane methanol dissolvableInsolubleEthanolSolubleSolubleDiethyl etherInsolubleSolubleCyclohexanolInsolubleSolubleAcetoneSolubleSoluble2-butanone (ethyl-methyl ketone)InsolubleSolubleCyclohexanoneInsolubleSolubleIntroductionIdentifying and classifying of the unknown molecules is signifi pilet part of organic chemistry. The purpose of this knowledge lab is to identify running(a) groups which are present in alcohol, ether, aldehyde and ketone. This lab helps in gaining knowledge about chemical and physical properties of all this four structures. Distinguish them using function group and solubility tests. In this experiment several(prenominal) test such as physical properties including melting point and index of refraction with literature values to compare. Furthermore, identification can be acquired by polycrystalline derivative and comparing its derivative melting point with original to fi nd the original carbonylic functional group present. Lucas test is used for determining if alcohol is primary, secondary or third. This depends on the substitution reactions in the presence of sharp but, the rate at which it reacts depends on the structure of alcohol. Aldehyde and ketone reacts with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form yellow-orange precipitate but, does not react with alcohol. In addition, iodoform test use to recognize methyl ketone by forming precipitation. In this experiment it is necessary to give all attention to what reaction is beingness form so that accurate results can be obtained.Discussion2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent helps to identify carbonyl groups associated with ketone and aldehyde. When this reagent is added solid yellow-orange precipitate is observed in benzaldehyde and 2-butanone which indicated supportive test. Derivatives of this can also, be use to identify the compound. In the experiment benzaldehyde melting point is 217-220C but, ori ginal is 237 C which is close enough (Caroly and David(1999)). This can be due to illusion caused by taking too much of benzaldehyde to measure its melting point or some impurities in crystals. This test is also called bradys test.+ 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (precipitate)+ 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (precipitate)benzaldehydeNitrogen gets attach to carbonyl group after reagent is added therefore, dehydration in reaction results. 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine does not react with alcohol therefore, it is good reagent for carbonyl group.Sodium bisulfite addition test is only positive with aldehydes and methyl ketones. This reaction does not occur with stearically hindered ketones but, it is best indication for aldehyde. In this experiment no reaction occurred in acetophenone and 2-butonone when bisulfite is added to it. This test is positive when white precipitate is formed which is observed when it is added in benzaldehyde and trans-cinnamaldehyde.+ NaHSO3 (sodium bisulfite) white precipitateBenzaldehydeIodoform test is use to distinguish ketones from methyl ketones, when the test is positive it forms iodoform as yellow precipitate. Acetaldehyde and alcohols with hydroxyl group at its second place can also give positive and alcohol can oxidize to methyl ketone with iodoform reaction as I2 is oxidizing agent. It is observed that acetophenone and 2,4-pentanedione both reacts as it form yellow precipitate whereas, n-butyraldehyde did not. As, n-butyraldehyde did not contain methyl group it did not react. On the opposite hand, acetophenone and 2, 4-pentanedione contains methyl group which helps replace a hydrogen atom next to carbonyl group with iodine further, cleaves the iodinated compound to iodoform and carboxylic acid (yellow precipitation).This classifies them as methyl ketones.NaOH and I2 - + iodoform2, 4-pentanedioneOxidation of aldehyde both n-butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde reacts and gives greeni sh precipitation when reacts with chromic reagent. Therefore, positive sign is it gives greenish bluish precipitate which represents that oxidation or simplification has occurred. Aldehydes are oxidized easily due to chromic acid and forms carboxylic acid whereas, ketones. Chromate reagent replaces hydrogen atom and adds oxygen resulting carboxylic acid.2- butanone is not able to react because it is ketone and it lacks hydrogen atom next to carbonyl group.C3H7CHO(n-butyraldehyde ) + CrO3(chromic acid) n-butyric acid(benzaldehyde) + CrO3 (chromic acid) Benzoic acidWhen sodium is reacted with 1-butanol hydrogen gas is release because alcohols are weakly acidic so went they react with alkali metal gas is produce. So, when tested with litmus paper solution found to be basic.(l) +Na(s) CH3(CH2)3ONa(l) + H-H(g)In lucas test t-butyl alcohol reacted immediately with lucas reagent (HCl and ZnCl2) because it is tertiary alcohol. It forms stable carbocation and forms chlorinated alkane afte r attracting negative chlorine. Positive test indicates when turbidity due to formation of insoluble alkyl chloride is mark.1- propanol and 1- butanol does not react with lucas reagent but, 2-pentanol reacts very slowly and reaction is observed after long time. So, lucas test helps determine rate and which is tertiary or secondary alcohol.(CH3)3C-OH + ZnCl2/HCl H2O + (CH3)3C-ClUrethane derivative reacts with 1-heptanol which results in phenyl urethane as white precipitate. Phenyl isocynate reacts with alcohol.+ N-phenyl urethane derivativeMelting point of this is 25-30 C but original is 60C (Caroly and David(1999)) there is a lot of difference this can be due to error performed during experiment.Solubility test concludes that alcohol with less than six carbons are soluble in water, rest of them due to increasing bout of carbon it is insoluble in water.In this experiment almost all results were equivalent to expect results.Questions1)a. Certain are like hydroquinone, whose tautome r is ketone and it is oxidizable. Uncertain is if there are other things attach to this molecules may be these tests were not able to detect it example cyano or nitro groups.b. Catecholc. IR will identify all other functional groups which were unable to detect by qualitative tests. NMR will give information about isomers example between hydroquinone and catechol.2) Chromic acid forms a chromate ester that will fragment to carnonyl compound and chromium in a lower oxidation state.C4H9CH(CH3)OH + HO- - C4H9CH(CH3)O- + H2O C4H9CH(CH3)O- + I-I - C4H9CH(CH3)OI + I- C4H9CH(CH3)OI + HO- - C4H9C(CH3)=O + I- + H2OReferenceCarolyn Oconnell and David Dollimore.1999.Determination of melting point using derivative. Instrumentation science and technology. Volume 27 Issue 1. pp.13-21Experiment 7Identifying and classifying organic functional groups alcohols, ethers, aldehyde and ketones

Risks of youth internet use

Risks of youth internet useMURPHY 1The internet and various social networking sites, specifically, cede seen a surge in activity from teenages and young adults in the past few years. Individuals, ages ten years old to thirty years old, argon the primary(prenominal) users of these social networking sites. These same individuals either view or post themselves involved in some kind of challenge game for the amusement of themselves or others. sight see these games as fun and entertaining to watch however, some of these games ar very dangerous. Many of these individuals experience peer drive at the hands of their friends and family to do these challenges. To determine how peer shove and challenge games affect these people, we must define peer pressure, look at those who are the most predisposed, look at the phylogeny of these challenge games, and how these games can let detrimental effects on those who consume in themPeer pressure, or peer influence, is the persistent and persu asive verbiage or tactics used by a group of individuals k this instantn as a peer group to hike other individuals to change their values, beliefs, or actions in exchange for acceptance into said peer group. According to Calv-Armengol and Jackson, there are two types of peer pressure. One is positivist and the other is prejudicious. In the case of positive pressure, the pressure exerted by one agent reduces the cost that other agents face for taking a particular action, thus encouraging other agents to take the action. Essentially, this is similar subsidizing other agents activity. In the case of negative pressure, the pressure exerted by one agent increases other agents costs of not taking an action. That is, one way to encourage an agent to take an action is to make it much costly for him or her not to take the action. Calv-Armengol and Jackson states that positive and negative peer pressure have more nuanced differences and similarities. They also suggest looking at the inte ntions rather than the actions of the person. However, for the scope of this paper, we will look at the basic definition of negative peer pressure where one agent makes it costly for another agent to not take action.When considering those who are the most susceptible to peer pressure, some(prenominal) areas surface such as the persons age, gender, socioeconomic status, and the atmosphere at the persons home. Rihtaric and Kamenov places these factors into four different categories, adolescents openness to influence, salience of peers who exert pressure, adolescents ability or opportunity to perform, and relationship dynamics.Openness is chiefly a personality trait that determines a persons willingness to try spic-and-span things and have new experiences. Being open to influences is not inherently a bad thing however, if left unmonitored or improperly monitored, the adolescent could experience negative effects in their personalities and their actions. The adolescent being open to in fluence could result in them being urged and encouraged to act in ways that they would not normally act. Adolescents with low will power will often conform and fall victim to peer pressure.According to Berk, due to school, jobs, and other factors, adolescents spend less metre with soused family members and more time with their peers. Adolescents often seek intimacy or psychological closeness, loyalty, mutual understandings, beliefs, and feelings from their peers. The peer group, then, strengthens with each criterion that the person meets. With the internet now being no more than a hands reach, make up ones minding friends on social networking sites often supplement actual friends. In some cases, to adolescents, these internet relationships are the closest adolescents have to actual friends. In other cases, these cyber friends are just as important as real friends are. Berk states that it is because of this closeness and the need to be close that increases the susceptibility in ma ny adolescents for facing degrading racial and ethnic slurs, potentially harmful social experiences, sexually obscene remarks, and even peer pressure. To find the group that is the most susceptible, you must look at the individuals attachment style. There are two different forms of attachment, take into custody and dangerous. Those with a secure attachment style seem to have peer relationships that are low in peer pressure. This may be due to the more positive choices and influences that soulfulness with a secure attachment has. The results of several studies favor the assumption that susceptibility to peer pressure concerning misconduct could be higher among adolescents with insecure attachment. (Calv-Armengol Jackson, 2010) Susceptibility increases with the insecure attachment anxious type. For both males and females, susceptibility increases if they have anxiety about their relationships and the groups perception of them if they do not go along with the crowd. question has a lso shown that insecure attachment to peers or parents correlated with high alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and drug abuse among adolescents. For males, there seems to be more openness to engage in misconduct than their female counterparts. There is an even higher chance to engage in misconduct if the males friends ask them to do so. Females are susceptible to peer pressure but not to the extent of males. Essentially, adolescents are the group that is most susceptible to deviant behavior and misconduct because of peer pressure and peer influence. This influence seems to be greater in males than in females. It is even greater if males or females experience anxiety about their social standing in their peer group. gainsay games are tasks where a person or groups of people perform some feat, often of stupidity, for the amusement of themselves and others. The ALS trash Bucket Challenge is one of the more recent challenge games that brings awareness to Amyotrophic Lateral Scleros is, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease, which is a debilitating progressive and degenerative neuromuscular disease. In this challenge, people were to record themselves dumping a bucket filled with ice water over themselves and nominating three other friends for the challenge or donating money to the ALS foundation. This fad spread like wildfire and almost every social media outlet filled with ALS Ice Bucket Challenge videos plain overnight. People posted these videos so that everybody could see exactly who has to do the challenge next. Those called out might not have had any money to donate or they did not want to be drenched in icy cold water. Those who received the challenge experienced peer pressure to donate or effusive water over their head. The pressure to perform came from them not wanting to seem insensitive to the goal of the ALS ice bucket challenge. Since this challenge was for charity, there was more of a receptive nature having multiple news outlets, athletic tea ms, schools, musicians, actors, and everybody in between performing the challenge.The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge is a blameless game however, there are others with a higher chance to cause serious harm. There was the cinnamon challenge where the participant must hold a large amount of cinnamon in their mouths for a certain amount of time. Some people reported respiratory problems because of this game. Another game that many a pressured into is the knockout game. This was showcased in the media because children, most often adolescent males from low socioeconomic statuses and broken homes, in essence stalked a person, waited until it was clear, then ran up stool the person they were stalking and punched them as hard as they could. This often ended in multiple adolescents, predominantly male, going to detainment centers or jail.There are several more games of the likes of the Ice Bucket Challenge, Cinnamon Challenge, and the Knockout Challenge. All of the games vary in degree and sever ity. It could be as innocent as the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge or as severe as the Knockout Challenge. The common thread in all challenge games is the idea that to be a part of the collective, you must conform or do whatever they ask of you. This is especially hard for young adolescent, females, and especially males, who are the group that is most susceptible to peer pressure and influence. For both men and women, susceptibility to peer pressure often decreases with age and experience. This decrease in susceptibility comes from the development of more crank and positive relationships with people who exhibit low peer pressure abilities.

A Concussion is No Laughing Matter Essay examples -- Exploratory Essay

A Concussion is No Laughing MatterIts something we see it in cartoons all the time one character gets bonked on the headman and stars are unawares floating in the air with the cartoon having a dazed look. However, only seconds later the cartoon is venture up and back in action. This may expect funny on the latest saga of Tom and Jerry or Coyote and Roadrunner, but its not so funny in real life. Seeing stars, touching dazed, and losing consciousness may be a type of forefront dent called a concussion. A concussion, simply put, is a maverick loss of normal brain function caused by a sudden jolt or blow to the head. Concussions and other types of brain injuries are fairly common. tally to the Brain Injury link of America, every 21 seconds, someone in the United States suffers from a brain injury. Most doctors consider concussions as a easy form of brain injury because they are usually not life threatening (cdc.gov). Even so, the effects of concussions can be serious. Any blo w to the head can warrant a concussion. Sport accidents, falls, fights, and car accidents are th... A Concussion is No Laughing Matter Essay examples -- Exploratory EssayA Concussion is No Laughing MatterIts something we see it in cartoons all the time one character gets bonked on the head and stars are suddenly floating in the air with the cartoon having a dazed look. However, only seconds later the cartoon is back up and back in action. This may seem funny on the latest saga of Tom and Jerry or Coyote and Roadrunner, but its not so funny in real life. Seeing stars, feeling dazed, and losing consciousness may be a type of brain injury called a concussion. A concussion, simply put, is a temporary loss of normal brain function caused by a sudden jolt or blow to the head. Concussions and other types of brain injuries are fairly common. According to the Brain Injury Association of America, every 21 seconds, someone in the United States suffers from a brain injury. Most doctors consider concussions as a mild form of brain injury because they are usually not life threatening (cdc.gov). Even so, the effects of concussions can be serious. Any blow to the head can warrant a concussion. Sport accidents, falls, fights, and car accidents are th...

Essay --

Michael JacksonMichael Jackson was a very charismatic, influential individual. He took the world by move as his long, successful career blossomed at such a young age. Throughout his many years of hard work, and unparalleled performances, he changed the world with his music. He became one of the most popular recording artists, delivering his sweet, funky tones, smooth dance moves, and versatile music capabilities across the world. He was a legend that continues to influence opposite musicians, as well as his large, loyal fan-base, and is well-deserving of the title of The King of PopMichael was born on August 29, 1958 in Gary, Indiana. He lived with his 5 siblings, and his Parents. The Jackson family was poor, scarcely managed to get by in their little house on, coincidentally-named, Jackson St. The Jackson brothers were born into a musical life. Their father, Joseph had previous musical experience with his blues group, The Falcons. regrettably their career did not take off , and they eventually broke up. Joseph saw something in his children. He saw what they were capable of, musically, and in the early 1960s formed a group with Michaels three older brothers, Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine known as, The Jackson Brothers. Michael at a very young age was influenced by artists such as Sammy Davis Jr., Smokey Robinson, and crowd together Brown. At the age of only five years old, his mother would watch him singing and dancing along to old James Brown 45s, and she knew there was something fussy in him. (Jackson, Michael Jackson The Life of an Icon). Michael was presented to his brothers and father, and was a quick addition to the Jacksons musical group, taking over his brother, Jermaines position as elapse singer. Joinin... ...o come. If you enter this world knowing you are loved and you leave this world knowing the same, then everything that happens in between can be dealt with. - Michael JacksonJackson, Michael. Moonwalk. treetop Archetype, 2009. Print .Triumph & Tragedy The Life of Michael Jackson. Rolling Stone, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2014. .Michael Jackson. Billboard, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2014. .Michael Jackson The Life of an Icon. Dir. Andrew Eastel. Universal Pictures, 2011. DVD.Torribio, Sarah. The Man in the Mirror Jacksons skewed self-image. Examiner, 1 July 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2014. .This Is It. Dir. Kenny Ortega. Sony Pictures, 2009. DVD.