Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Multiculturalism In Canada :: Immigration, Ethnic Diversity
Multiculturalism In Canada Canada has long been called "The Mosaic", due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to Canada searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are the political state's policies concerning multiculturalism, the attitudes of Canadians around these policies, immigration, the global market, and a central point is the education and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at the 1991 Canadian census shows that the population has changed more noticeable in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of four Canadians identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, Metis or Native. (Gould 1995: 198)Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an understanding of each others background. However, the similarities stip there. One problem is defining the tem "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at theat culturally integrated society, everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root of the problem, it might be appropriate to use an example in that context. In 1980, the American school, Stanford University came up with a program - later known as the "Stanford-style multicultural curriculum" which aimed to familiarize students with traditions, philosophy, literature and history of the West. The program consisted of fifteen required books by writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx and Freud. By 1987, a group called the Rainbow Coalition argued the fact that the books were all written by DWEM's or Dead White European Males. They felt that this type of teaching denied student s the knowledge of contributions by people of colour, women, and other oppressed groups.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
National Health Care Spending Paper
Sloan Miller [emailà protected] com Home 614-377-0096 Objective Seek to work in an environment that will challenge me further; while allowing me to contribute to the continued growth and success of the organization. Obtain a position that will provide me the ability to apply my work experience to a growing industry. Look forward to working with a company that promotes quality products and services; and provides me with the opportunity to meet and exceed assigned daily goals. First Choice Security April 2010 to presentDuties: As a security guard where my position require me to be alert, quick responding and fasting thinking on duty. I was responsible of guarding, patrolling and monitoring premises to avoid theft, violence and the infraction of rules. And to safe guard the assets and people within the premises of a company. Teach and Learn: May 2012 to July 2012 Duties: to provide care, education and nurturing for children of a variety of ages. As a daycare provider I provided genuin e passion for caring for children and the ability to relate to a diverse group of kids.My communication skills and the ability to positively interact with children, parents and other daycare staff members is something that I performed on a daily basis. Wackenhut Security: Duties: To provide security for different types of organizations which my company had taken on the responsibility to prevent violence and negligence from occurring at the different locations I had to safe guard. Education: South High School 1998 to 2001 Job Corp: Business clerical trade 2004
Monday, January 6, 2020
Maroons and Marronage Escaping Slavery
Maroonà refers to an African or Afro-American person who escaped slavery in the Americas and lived in hidden towns outside of the plantations. American slaves used several forms of resistanceà to fight their imprisonment, everything from work slowdowns and tool damage to full-fledged revolt and flight.à Some runaways established permanent or semi-permanent towns for themselves in hidden places not far from the plantations, a process known as marronage (sometimes also spelledà maronnage or maroonage). Key Takeaways: Maroon Maroon is a word which refers to African or African-American people who escaped slavery and lived in communities outside of plantations.à The phenomenon is known globally wherever slavery occurs.à Several long-term American communities were created in Florida, Jamaica, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Suriname.à Palmares in Brazil was a maroon community of people originally from Angola that lasted for nearly a century, essentially an African state.à The runaways in North America were predominantly young and male, who had often been sold many times. Before the 1820s, some headed west or to Florida while it wasà owned by the Spanish. After Florida became a U.S. territory in 1819, most headed to the North. The intermediate step for many of the escapees was marronage, where runaways hid relatively locally to their plantation but without the intention of returning to slavery.à The Process of Marronage Plantations in the Americas were organized such that the big house where the European owners lived was near the center of a large clearing. The slave cabins were located far from the plantation house, at the edges of the clearing and often immediately next to a forest or swamp. Enslaved men supplemented their own food supply by hunting and foraging in those woods, at the same time exploring and learning the terrain. Plantation workforces were made up mostly of male slaves, and if there were women and children, the men were the ones who were best able to leave. As a result, new Maroon communities were little more than camps with skewed demographics, mostly made up ofà men and a small number of women and very rarely children. Even after they were set up, the embryonic Maroon towns had limited opportunities for building families. The new communities maintained difficult relationships with the slaves left behind on the plantations. Although the Maroons did help others to escape, kept in touch with family members, and traded with the plantation slaves, the Maroons sometimes resorted to raiding the plantation slave cabins for food and supplies. On occasion, the plantation slaves (voluntarily or not) actively assisted the whites to recapture runaways. Some of the male-only settlements were reportedly violent and dangerous. But some of those settlements eventually gained a balanced population, and flourished and grew.à Maroon Communities in the Americas The word Maroon typically refers to North American runaway slaves and it likely comes from the Spanish word cimarron or cimarroon, meaning wild. But marronage flared up wherever slaves were held, and whenever the whites were too busy to be vigilant. In Cuba, villages made up of escaped slaves were known as palenques or mambises; and in Brazil, they were known as quilombo, magote, or mocambo. Long-term marronage communities were established in Brazil (Palmares, Ambrosio), Dominican Republic (Jose Leta), Florida (Pilaklikaha and Fort Mose), Jamaica (Bannytown, Accompong, and Seamans Valley), and Suriname (Kumako). By the late 1500s, there were already Maroon villages in Panama and Brazil, andà Kumako in Suriname was established at least as early as the 1680s.à In the colonies which would become the United States, Maroon communities were most abundant in South Carolina, but they were also established in Virginia, North Carolina, and Alabama. The largest known Maroon communities in what would become the U.S. were formed in the Great Dismal Swamp on the Savannah River, on the border between Virginia and North Carolina. In 1763, George Washington,à the man who would become the first president of the United States, conducted a survey of the Great Dismal Swamp, intending to drain it and make it suitable for farming. The Washington Ditch, a canal built after the survey and opening up the swamp to traffic, was both an opportunity for Maroon communities to establish themselves in the swamp but at the same time dangerous in that white slave hunters could also find them living there. Great Dismal Swamp communities may have begun as early as 1765, but they had become numerous by 1786, after the end of the American revolution when the slaveholders could pay attention to the problem.à Structure The size of Maroon communities varied widely. Most were small, with between five and 100 people, but some became very large: Nannytown, Accompong, and Culpepper Island had populations in the hundreds. Estimates for Palmares in Brazil range between 5,000 and 20,000. Most were short-lived, in fact, 70 percent of the largest quilombos in Brazil were destroyed within two years. However, Palmares lasted a century, and Black Seminole towns ââ¬â towns built by Maroons who were allied with the Seminole tribe in Florida ââ¬â lasted several decades. Some of the Jamaican and Suriname Maroon communities founded in the 18th century are still occupied by their descendants today. Most Maroon communities were formed in inaccessible or marginal areas, partly because those areas were unpopulated, and partly because they were difficult to get to. The Black Seminoles in Florida found refuge in central Florida swamps; the Saramaka Maroons of Suriname settled on riverbanks in deeply forested areas. In Brazil, Cuba, and Jamaica, people escaped into the mountains and made their homes in densely vegetated hills. Maroon towns nearly always had several security measures. Primarily, the towns were hidden away, accessible only after following obscure paths which required long treks across difficult terrain. In addition, some communities built defensive ditches and forts and maintained well-armed, highly drilled and disciplined troops and sentries. Subsistence Many Maroon communities started out as nomadic, moving base often for safetys sake, but as their populations grew, they settled into fortified villages. Such groups often raided colonial settlements and plantations for commodities and new recruits. But they also traded crops and forest products with pirates and European traders for weapons and tools; many even signed treaties with different sides of competing colonies. Some Maroon communities were full-fledged farmers: in Brazil, Palmares settlers grew manioc, tobacco, cotton, bananas, maize, pineapples, and sweet potatoes; and Cuban settlements depended on honeybees and game. Many communities blended ethnopharmacological knowledge from their homes in Africa with the locally available and indigenous plants. In Panama, as early as the 16th century, palenqueros threw in with pirates such as the English privateer Francis Drake. A Maroon named Diego and his men raided both overland and maritime traffic with Drake, and together they sacked the city of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola island in 1586. They exchanged vital knowledge about when the Spanish would be moving looted American gold and silver and traded that for enslaved females and other items. South Carolina Maroons By 1708, enslaved Africans formed a majority of the population in South Carolina: the largest concentrations of African people at that time were at rice plantations on the coasts where up to 80 percent of the total population ââ¬â white and black ââ¬â was made up of slaves. There was a constant influx of new slaves during the 18th century, and during the 1780s, fully one-third of the 100,000 slaves in South Carolina had been born in Africa. Total Maroon populations are unknown, but between 1732 and 1801, slaveholders advertised for more than 2,000 fugitive slaves in South Carolina newspapers. Most returned voluntarily, hungry and cold, back to friends and family, or were hunted down by parties of overseers and dogs. Although the word Maroon was not used in the paperwork, the South Carolina slave laws defined them clearly enough. Short-term fugitives would be returned to their owners for punishment, but long-term fugitives from slavery ââ¬â those who had been away for 12 months or longer ââ¬â could be lawfully killed by any white. In the 18th century, a small Maroon settlement in South Carolina included four houses in a square measuring 17x14 feet. A larger one measured 700x120 yards and included 21 houses and cropland, accommodating up to 200 people. This towns people grew domesticated rice and potatoes and raised cows, pigs,à turkeys, and ducks. Houses were located on the highest elevations; pens were built, fences maintained, and wells dug. An African State in Brazil The most successful Maroon settlement was Palmares in Brazil, established about 1605. It became larger than any of the North American communities,à including over 200 houses, a church, four smithies, a six-foot-wide main street, a large meeting house, cultivated fields, and kingly residences. Palmares is thought to have been made up of a core of people from Angola, and they essentially created an African state in the Brazilian hinterland. An African-style system of status, birthrights, slavery, and royalty was developed at Palmares and adapted traditional African ceremonial rites were performed. A range of elites included a king, a military commander, and an elected council of quilombo chiefs. Palmares was a constant thorn in the side of the Portuguese and Dutch colonials in Brazil, who waged war with the community for most of the 17th century. Palmares was finally conquered and destroyed in 1694.à à Significance Maroon societies were a significant form of African and African American resistance to slavery. In some regions and for some periods, the communities held treaties with other colonists and were recognized as legitimate, independent, and autonomous bodies with rights to their lands.à Legally sanctioned or not, the communities were ubiquitous wherever slavery was practiced. As the American anthropologist and historian Richard Price has written, the persistence of Maroon communities for decades or centuries stands out as a heroic challenge to white authority, and the living proof of the existence of a slave consciousness that refused to be limited by the dominant white culture. Sources de Santana, Bruna Farias, Robert A. Voeks, and Ligia Silveira Funch. Ethnomedicinal Survey of a Maroon Community in Brazils Atlantic Tropical Forest. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 181 (2016): 37-49. Print.Fortes-Lima, Cesar, et al. Genome-Wide Ancestry and Demographic History of African-Descendant Maroon Communities from French Guiana and Suriname. The American Journal of Human Genetics 101.5 (2017): 725-36. Print.Lockley, Tim, and David Doddington. Maroon and Slave Communities in South Carolina before 1865. The South Carolina Historical Magazine 113.2 (2012): 125-45. Print.Okoshi, Akane, and Alex de Voogt. Mancala in Surinamese Maroon Communities: The Expedition of Melville J. Herskovits. Board Game Studies Journalà 12.1 (2018): 57. Print.Price, Richard. Scrapping Maroon History: Brazils Promise, Surinames Shame. NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 72.3/4 (1998): 233-55. Print.vanââ¬â¢t Klooster, Charlotte, Tinde van Andel, and Ria Reis. Patterns in Medicinal Plant Knowledge and Use in a Maroon Village in Suriname. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 189 (2016): 319-30. Print.White, Cheryl. Kumako. Antiquity 84.324 (2015): 467-79. Print.: A Place of Convergence for Maroons and Amerindians in Suriname, SA
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Poverty Analysis in India Policies to Reduce Poverty
Despite the corruption involved in dispersing of funds in poverty alleviating programs, the Government, the World Bank and the U.S. are helping India eradicate poverty through dispersing funds to build the economy, battle disease and also improve infrastructure. Corruption can occur through bribes and red tape from low level government levels to high levels. Even though there is corruption detected by politicians and bureaucrats. The Government of India has presented strategies to alleviate poverty through subsidies and other programs to help the rural poor. The Government offered programs like the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment and Development of Women and Children in Rural Areasâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These wasteland maps can provide information to NGOS and State Forest and Agriculture Departments. This can generate employment in rural areas and also in other rural development programmes. Desert Development Programme and Drought Prone Areas Programme can benefit from wasteland mapping. ââ¬Å"Driven by public policies and institutional interventions, economic and spatial integration of markets occurs and several new marginal income-earning opportunities become available in the informal sector of the economy. Consequently, the dependence of the poor on the natural resource base for livelihood may actually get reduced.â⬠(Srivastava) Better education followed by improving infrastructure can shift the poor to non farm activities. One of the states poverty alleviation programmes in India is Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). ââ¬Å"The basic objective of IRDP is to enable identified rural poor families to augment their incomes and cross the poverty line through acquisition of credit based productive assets.â⬠(Ministry of Rural Area and employment) This program has shown problems like unskilled workers, low investment, lack of technology, lack of credit in banks, corruption, overcrowding in lending of dairy commodities. Another program is Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) which helps youths from poor rural areas with training skills and entrepreneurship skills as well.Show MoreRelatedEvaluating the Millenium Development Goals1723 Words à |à 7 Pagesmeasuring development and assess how India and its states are doing in terms of the MDGs. The global community and the UN are busy reviewing the Millennium declaration during ten years into the new millennium. 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The Millennium development Goals has drawn attention to 191 countries with eight international development goals in order to cutting the amount of extreme poverty worldwide in half within a set of time on 2015. The MDGs contain the goals of extreme poverty in income, education, gender equality, hunger, disease and environmental sustainability. The eight goals are focus on different section the eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universalRead MoreGeneration Investment Management1017 Words à |à 5 Pagesin International Business and Emerging Markets Individual Assignment EXAM NUMBER: B036712 TO BE SUBMITTED ON: 19/11/2012 16:00 MEHDI SAFAVI CMSE11136 Case Study: Generation Investment Management The ABB India Investment Decision The Dilemma ââ¬Å"So if Generation invests in ABB India, weââ¬â¢re providing capital for a company that builds up the infrastructure for more coal fired energy generation. This means weââ¬â¢ll be co-accountable for more CO2 emissions, the main cause for global warming!â⬠GenerationRead MoreEconomy of India2374 Words à |à 10 PagesNovember 5, 2005 Economic Growth and Development Economy of India The economy of India has seen an explosive amount of growth during the past few years. India s economy is the fourth largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) followed by a Gross Domestic Product of $3.3 trillion. India also has 8.1% Gross Domestic Product growth rate, which is second in the world (Economy of India 2005). India was the second fastest growing major economy in the world, with a GDP growthRead MoreDeveloping A Economically Developed Countries1649 Words à |à 7 Pagesinequality greatly. The share of pre-tax incomes received by the top 1% wealthiest rose from 13.3% in 2009 to 14.6% in 2011. In 2012, the same rose by 20%, as compared to the remaining 99% rose only by 1%. The OECD Income inequality data update and policies impacting income distribution: United Kingdom (February 2015), broadcasts that in the UK, the income of the richest 10% is almost 10 times of the income of the poorest 10%. The UK is the only G7 country to record rising wealth inequality in 2000-14Read MoreImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words à |à 7 Pagesliberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeriaââ¬â¢s national rural poverty index jumped from 28.3 percent in 1980 to 48 percent in 2000Read MoreThe Need for Family Planning 1641 Words à |à 7 PagesPopulation control, as a concept, can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome when Aristotle claimed that a fluctuating population would cause poverty. Greek city-states, wanting to neither grow nor decline in population, practiced forms of fertility inhibition and infanticide with the hopes of keeping the population stable to a certain number of persons to prevent this catastrophe. Rome, on the other hand, under rule of Augustus, enacted laws that punished both celibacy and adultery while rewarding
Friday, December 20, 2019
Teens And The Contrivenation Program In The Juvenile...
All programs have limitations to them and they are not all perfect. Downs, Robertson and Harrison did a study on the diversion program and the effectiveness it had in helping drug abusers. They observed 127 clients total, ages 13-17. They found that the diversion program they used with these adolescents was not effective and led to negative self-labels and more deviant behavior. They found that some adolescents that were sent to this program were not heavy drug users and had family issues, but due to the program being drug based it led to the negative self-label of drug abuser. This program didnââ¬â¢t have many restorative aspects to it. Diversion programs for juveniles should be separate from juveniles who need support to fix a drug addictionâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The frontal lobe of the brain is involved in many things two of the most important things that relate to juvenile delinquency are their problem-solving skills and moral judgment skills. The myelination and pruni ng of the brain has been found to continue well into mid-20ââ¬â¢s (Arnett,2017). This is one of the first lessons that lawmakers and people in society need to learn. The other issue that lawmakers, judges and society need to be aware of is the effects of labeling. Labeling can affect a juvenile throughout their lives. In the Idaho code 20-509 it says that once a juvenile is tried as an adult they will always be tried as an adult. Labeling a juvenile as an adult in the eye of the law could possibly lead to recidivism. Downs, Robertson and Harrison discuss that one of the repercussions of a more deviant label can increase the likelihood of more deviant behavior in the future. Deviant labels can weaken a juvenileââ¬â¢s bonds to society, there are less possibilities for jobs, and it could leads to a juvenile to have a harder time in school (Downs, Robertson Harrison, 1997). When there is a weakened connection to the community you run in to the juvenile giving up trying to conform to the expectations set out for them. As described in Mertonââ¬â¢s General Strain theory and innovation. When people feel like they donââ¬â¢t have the
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Social Media Competitive Analysis and Text Mining
Question: Discuss about the Social Media Competitive Analysis and Text Mining. Answer: Introduction In this report a complete study has been prepared on the marketing study of Pizza Hut. There are several marketing mix have been discussed which reflects how Pizza hut could win the given market segment. There are several marketing mix which could be addressed by Pizza hut in its marketing strategies such a price, place, product, people, process. In this case study an adamantine study has been prepared over the process of Pizza hut to implement online sales portal for the better satisfaction of clients in todays world. There are several other factors which could be identified by Pizza hut for the betterment of its online sales. In this case study it is found that Pizza hut want to make changes in its marketing mix by adopting online sales portal. The main aim of Pizza hut is to provide rapid order and delivering functioning chain which could be used as core competency in this competitive market to eliminate the competition from the market. What are the marketing mix variable addressed by Pizza hut and how? Marketing mix- It is the most developed marketing strategy which is used by organization with a view to make its marketing plans effective. Products- Pizza hut has planned to provide its Italian food around all over the world. By adopting newly developed technology it has planned to increase the demand of products. Price- It is the main major concern of marketing mix. Company by entering into strategic alliance with I phone has developed an online portal for clients and employees. With the help of these enterprises resources planning company has develop an online portal for its clients so that they could place orders in easy and determined approach (Freeman., et al., 2014). Place- Pizza hut has allowed to its customers to place their order with the help of their I Phone. It has helped their clients to save time and energy in buying the products from Pizza hut stores. Promotion- Company has adopted a newly developed promotion strategy in which it has entered into strategic alliance with I phone. With the process, Pizza hut will increase its potential number of customer by allowing them special discount who book their orders through its new app. Physical evidence- Pizza hut has developed its supply chain to the level where it could deliver orders placed by its clients in very less span of time. It is evaluated that clients could book their orders within 5 minutes through their pizza hut downloaded app. It helps them to get special discount and other offers. Process- Clients by downloading new app in their I Phone could be able to place orders for the products offered by Pizza hut. However, Pizza hut should also indulge in strategic alliance with other organizations as well so that it could increase its sales (Fish, 2016). Now it could be inferred that Pizza hut could increase its sales in very drastic manner by adopting newly developed app for its clients. However, it has observed that with the increasing ramification of economical changes sales of I- phones has increased which will eventually results into increment of Pizza hut turnover as well. Identify Pizza Huts success factors in relation to online customer experience with the application. Why was the application effective and what will be your recommendation for further improvement? Pizza Hut is leading company in selling Italian foods around the globe. Company has come up with its online business selling plan which will increase its sales in drastic manner. It has been observed that the real reason behind the success factors of products sales of Pizza Hut is related with its innovative ideal. It is considered that company has adopted newly different strategies which will keep its marketing strategy totally different form its other rivals in market. In addition to this sales of I-Phone in market have also been increased in significant manner which will eventually results into increment in online market share for Pizza Hut. Therefore, it could be inferred that Pizza Hut has provide easier process system to its clients which would renders client to easily place order with Pizza Hut. In addition to this, all the online strategies and other offers provided by Pizza Hut are clients oriented and designed with a view to increase clients satisfaction. Pizza Hut has also made its enterprises resources planning very easy and simple which could be handled by a layman as well for placing orders from theirs I- phone. By evaluating the current data it is also found that Pizza Hut has increased its revenue by US $ 1 million which is covered only from its developed I phone app. This will provide additional income to Pizza Hut and also result into increment in brand image as well (Freeman, et al. 2014). Why this application is effective This application is effective because all the people in this world are technology oriented. This innovative idea and developed brand image of company have resulted into increment in the total turnover of company. Therefore, effectiveness of this application depended upon innovation, increase brand image and clients oriented business functioning. Pizza Hut should make changes in its existing application. As there are high numbers of clients who are using android based mobile phones. Therefore, company should also grasp them for making its business effective. This will not only increase the total turnover of company but also increase its brand image in effective manner. Conclusion Now by evaluating each and every factors of this case study it could b inferred that Pizza Hut have adopted novel approach in its marketing mix. Moreover, company should make changes in its developed app by adding clients who use android based phone to increase the total turnover of company. Now in the end it would be said that with the delicious Italian food and newly developed technology company will easily win the market and will render tough competition for its rivals. References Fish, W. W. (2016). Perceptions of parents of students with autism towards the IEP meeting: A case study of one family support group chapter.Education,127(1), 56. Freeman, B., Kelly, B., Baur, L., Chapman, K., Chapman, S., Gill, T. and King, L., 2014. Digital junk: Food and beverage marketing on Facebook.American journal of public health,104(12), pp.e56-e64. He, W., Zha, S. and Li, L., 2013. Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study in the pizza industry.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), pp.464-472.
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Eco-Toxicology Ecocatalytical Demotechnician
Question: Describe about the Eco-Toxicology for Ecocatalytical Demotechnician. Answer: Jack Vallentyne is considered one of the pioneering scientists of modern century in terms of his significant contributions towards the study of the aquatic ecosystems and empowering the public and the children regarding the various environmental issues that seem to thwart the ecological equilibrium. He is particularly famous as a limnologist and is co-credited with the foundation of a large scientific community named the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society (AEHMS) embarking in its journey in the year 1989 that is still following on the footsteps of this great visionary. Subsequently a primary journal AEHM, then called as the Journal of Aquatic ecosystem Health, came into circulation from the year 1992. The AEHMS was set up to fulfill the vital objectives of endorsing and adopting the theme of ecosystem health, knowledge enrichment and better understanding concerning the health and management of marine and freshwater ecosystems, investigating and assessing the structure, o peration and performance of the aquatic ecosystems (Munawar, 2013). This prolific personality throughout his eventful career made relentless efforts to environment conservation, restoration and management of aquatic resources and simultaneously conducted mass awareness programs to spread the message of preservation of the natural laws and surroundings. The AEHMS initiated under the patronage of great visionaries like that of Jake Vallentyne has now successfully passed over 20 years and continues to make a difference in the global context through execution of journals, compendium books, symposia and scientific seminars. Jake played distinguished part by virtue of introducing the novel concept of ecosystem approach to research and environmental preservation. Johny Biosphere Project was the brainchild of this philosophy and Jake served to educate the school children through this method. However, he gained maximum popularity through his anti-eutrophication and phosphorus abatement campa igns that has been neatly documented in his book The Algal Bowl (1974). His campaigns were found to be effective as the phosphorus content in the laundry detergents underwent mitigation soon after. Moreover in addition to influencing the general public about the environmental concerns, he influenced the policymaking in a very noteworthy manner, evident in the revision of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) that laid emphasis upon holistic and global outlook measures (Minns, 2013). Jack Vallentyne also performed the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) program that aimed to evaluate the trophic state and strategies for the control of cultural eutrophication in the lower Great Lakes, experimental eutrophication studies on small lakes to find out the quantitative associations, overall ecological impacts, prevalence of nutrient pollutants and remedial measures. Conduction of comparative analyses with respect to trophic conditions in numerous Canadian lakes to detect the influence of anthropogenic, geologic, climatic and morphometric factors on eutrophication in conjunction to laboratory tests, toxicity studies, bioassays utilizing freshwater organisms were among the other projected objectives of the ELA. Acid rain and the threats of acidification of the lakes were also thoroughly analyzed through ELA. In a nutshell, the ELA provided a snapshot of the water pollution status through nutrient enrichment or eutrophication of the water bodies like that of small natural lakes that provided crucial information pertinent to ecological responses to environmental alterations (Ramsay Walters, 2016). Studies relevant to perceiving the situations encountered due to the ecogenic challenges in the Great Laurentian Basin suggest that identification and rectification of bad fishing and environmental practices can aid to achieve sustainable high value fisheries in addition to the diagnosis of the observed degradation of the aquatic ecosystems to prevent harmful, interacting stresses and also understand and assess the influence of climate warming on the cold blooded fishes (Regier, 2013). Thus the application of the ecosystem approach as proposed by Dr. Vallentyne found reflection in present studies as well. Apart from the aquatic life study, Dr. Vallentyne made his pragmatic mark in the demographic study as well. His insightful opinions regarding the human overpopulation and its consecutive environmental consequences may be retrieved through his writings in the book called Tragedy in Mouse Utopia. His thoughts correlate to the recent population related issues such as immigration and the evaluation of the environmentally sustainable population levels (Hurlbert, 2012). Pertaining to the population study the improvisation of the demotechnic index by Jack Vallentyne may be referred to for comprehensively understanding and estimating the impacts of humans on environment by taking into account both the population numbers as well as the rates of consumption. The changes in the demographic pattern may be attributed to the climate change, food crisis, energy crisis and the growing dearth of fresh water and thereby necessitates the utilization of the demotechnic index to plan and develop ways to address the scenario holistically (Ryerson, 2012). Jack Vallentyne can thus be revered as a true philanthropist and scientist whose pragmatic and time befitting contributions will render profound benefits to mankind in the long term provided his prophetic deductions and recommendations are carried over via worthy legacy. References: Hurlbert, S. H. (2012). Tribute to an obnoxious ecocatalytical demotechnician: Jack Vallentyne on population. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 12(1), 21-34. Minns, C. K. (2013). Congratulations to Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society on its 20th anniversary. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(2), 156-157. Munawar, M. (2013). State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society: A chronicle of its initiation, growth, and advancement. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(2), 125-129. Ramsay, M., Walters, W. (2016). Science as a Visible Public: The case of the Experimental Lakes Area. Regier, H. A. (2013). Perspectives on an ecosystem approach to ecogenic challenges in the Great Laurentian Basin and beyond. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(1), 6-19. Ryerson, W. N. (2012). Vallentyne was right: achieving sustainability requires accounting for all relevant factors. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 12(1), 5-13.
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