Analyzing Multiple Perspectives of ethical Dilemmas Essay

Analyzing Multiple Perspectives of ethical Dilemmas - Essay ExampleHere comes the question of ethics. Although, solely branches in science have equal standing in terms of importance of ethics in their study and exploration, biological science has been more prominent in this regard since it deals with the study of life itself thus, engulfing the existence of plants, animals and more or less importantly, man himself. Therefore, bioethics, as it is widely known can be precisely come under definition as the discourse of the controversies with regard to the ethical dilemmas, which arise in the scientific study of life and vivacious beings. The ethical dilemmas in the field of biological research and development are quite numerous. Like in other discourses, these dilemmas open themselves to multiple perspectives and schools of thought and therefore are an enriched field to study. Here, the paper will allow in a few such dilemmas that have been a pressing concern for bioethicists these days and will complicate study of various perspectives on them. A very popular and most discussed dilemma in biology is that of cloning. Many scientists and scholar see cloning as a way to extend life in cases where survival is endangered (Brannigan, 11).

Project and homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

attend and homework - Essay Example 30. Under the surmise that the population is distributed normally a two adjudicate z riddle for independent samples with unknown 1 and 2 is suggested. The above mentioned test is used to test the variety between the means of two populations. The standardized test statistics is,The computed T-statistics and p-value with 5% level of significance and exact value t(0.05, 82) = 1.98, argon exhibited in table 1.1. The computation is done under the assumption of unequal variances due(p) to the observed difference of respective values in descriptive statistics (table 1.0) between both the samples.2)Columns containing data are OLD, NEW. This data contains information showing the amount of gross sales for 15 stores both before and after young shelf facings were installed. You suspect and wish to prove that the mean sales with the new facings is different from the mean sales under the old facings.The samples are considered as dependent due to the fac t that they are related to identical population. The population standard deviations of the both the samples are unknown. The sample sizes are considered to be small i.e. 30. Under the assumption that the population is distributed normally a paired sample t-test is suggested. The above mentioned test is used to test the difference between the means of two dependent samples. The standardized test statistics

Play analy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Play analy - Movie Review ExampleDuring the divorce process she meets much women in the same boat with her. The husband marries the gold excavator and Mary decides to move on exactly she later realizes how unhappy the ex husband is and decides to fight for him. In this paper I will exertion explain and portray critically the different characteristics and function of each actor.All through the play in that location is no presence of a male figure although they are talked about often. The main theme is the human relationship of the women with men and with themselves as portrayed by one character, Nancy Blake who is single and likely a bi-sexual and she is a womens liberationist who is direct and unemotional. The props showed a lot of attention to detail for example only female figures is substantiate and even the pets in the play are all females apart from the bull drawing in the powder store Peggy reads before lunch in Marys house. The film color of black and white shows the o riginality and the sequence the play was created since it is old.Mary Haines is a contented, faithful and cheerful wife of Stephen and has a daughter little Mary. She is in her middle 30 and has appositive outlook towards marriage. Crystal is in her middle 20s she is single, enticing, deceitful, disrespectful, manipulative and ambitious. She is the gold digger married to Stephen and she is a fragrance salesperson. She is also unfaithful. Mrs. Morehead is 55 the mother of Mary who is a widow, traditional and wise. Mrs. Fowler is a gossiper, selfish, and inconsiderate lady who is married to Howard and have two children. Mrs. Day or Peggy is 25 who is married to stool has no kids but she longs for one. She is the type of lady who has cash but she complains. She is sympathetic and awkward. Mrs. Potter is a jade non confrontational house wife who does not like children. She has sexual tendencies. Finally Countess De Lage is an outgoing hopeless amorous who has been divorced four time s. There are three themes, the ideal woman who takes care and depend in full on

Cae Inc. Recommendation To Acquire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cae Inc. Recommendation To Acquire - Essay ExampleThese recommendations ar based on the previous analysis of the firms current performance and Strengths, Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. An mete out recommendation is established by an optimal comparison of numerical figures, estimating average values to the closest integer. In most cases, a non-US based research is more suitable for determining the future of the familiarity since the lodge operates internationally in 20 countries (CAE Global honorary society Official site, 2012). Recommendations to Acquire With reference to the firms two year outlay target range, it is prudent to conclude that the companys agreed damage to acquire is $ 13.6 for the shares of the firm (Zacks Investment Research, 2012). The price targets are determined by approximating the future earnings per shelter and then making use of the multiple of price to earnings commonly known as the price earnings ratio. As shown in the diagram bel ow it would be appropriate for the company to acquire other firm when the share price is at its highest level since the target firm will be laboured to lower its share price in preference for a better performing firm such as CAE Inc. at the lowest share price which is less than $ 9.50 the company will not be in a position to acquire the target firm given the many different rivals in the market. Source Attachments From the SWOT analysis in the preliminary report earlier on handed, it is noted that the company has a variety of opportunities available which includes the underdeveloped health care and mining industries (Annual Report of the CAE. 2012). This analysis is alpha to the firm as it would be appropriate for it to make bid for the firms in the respective industries at 10Am or 1 Pm when the days share prices are selling at a supreme share offer. As shown in the diagram below the quoted price is highest at $ 10.08 at the indicated times. Thus the assertion from the diagram below is that the bids to be considered by the firm essential be launched at either 10am or 1pm for the respective firms. Source Attachments The company must not ignore the electric potential threats available which include the lessening in the defense services and military markets globally as well as the escalating fuel and the free energy prices. These must be taken into consideration when making bids for the target firm. The price consented to must incorporate manageable impact of the rise in the fuel prices. This is to avoid loss making in the first years of operation after the takeover or acquisition process. The process of acquisition entails various costs which must not be ignored by the financial analysts of the firm. In this point of view, it is necessary for the company to obtain in mind the momentum of the analysts reviews. Notably, there seem to be a positive or rehabilitative analysis or prediction of the firms future growth. The momentum stands at 7 of 9 approx imations predicting an upward growth of the firm by an EPS mean change of 1.33 by the year 2013 (CAE Global Academy Official site, 2012). The valuation of the firm is considerably high which must be in line with the potential target firms. From the preliminary report, it has been noted with a lot of concern that the Healthcare market which is one of the of import areas of operations by the firm has a diversity of shortcomings and opportunities.

Humanities (General) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Humanities (General) - Research Paper ExampleAbove all, it helps in gaining a distinctive insight into individual community, in addition to, the wider global perspective of the humannesss divers(a) cultures. This topic presents a study of two cultural events, the Carnival in Rio de Janiero and the Hogbetsotso Festival in Ghana. In addition, it presents how these events are related to what is learned about ideas, culture and the arts in humanities. These cultural events were experienced done watching internet videos (YouTube), which is an available form of media. In this regard, it was possible to see and hear the events. This paper likewise presents a description of the main cultural event (the Carnival in Rio de Janiero) as it reflects the culture of origin. This entails the ideas, beliefs and practices of the people. It presents the diachronic accounts of the cultural event and the similarities it has to another selected cultural event (the Hogbetsotso Festival) in a separate part of the world Ghana. This is, in addition to, whether the Carnival in Rio de Janiero event is influenced by other cultures or whether it influenced other cultures. Finally, this paper presents a conclusion of its findings.The Carnival in Rio de Janiero is a 4 day cultural event that occurs p.a. 40 days previous to Easter which symbolizes the beginning of Lent. However, the set dates for this cultural event alternate p.a. with regard to the date of Easter. In most cases, this cultural event is commemorated towards the end of February (Cames, 2012). I did not string up this event in person but acquired the opportunity to watch the activities via internet video (YouTube). Though, experiencing the event kick the bucket would have been more appealing as compared to watching a recorded event, I still managed to acquired a brilliant experience considering that the video recordings were most recent and much more professionally

Journal Entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Journal Entry - shew ExampleThe speaker had a clear upshot and memorable attention getter. This is because her work was clearly form thus, she captured the attention of the listener through use of memorable getter such use of startling and quotation statements. Furthermore, it was lightsome to identify the speakers main points because she prepared the speech points in a clear and seamless manner. The speaker in addition made effective transition by moving from one point to other thus connecting listeners effectively. The speaker used some citations within the points, which was easy to identify thus effective for continue the memory of the listener in case one forgets the speech. Moreover, the speaker reviewed the main points in the conclusion and this was shrill because it builds the credibility of the listener. In this ways, the speaker demonstrated that she has some expertise or experience relevant to the topic and demonstrated to the listeners that she has gained informat ion in other ways. The speaker used memorable concluding devices such as quotations for closing the speech. The speaker had some distracting nonverbal behaviors especially the body language, posture and appearance that took away from the depicted object of her message. However, the speaker used gestures such as deliberate movements and signals, which were effective ways of expressing the meaning of the information without words. She also used visual aspects in order to help the listener to understand clearly the points she was explaining such as diagrams and simple charts.

Adminstrative Ethics and Patient Privacy Research Paper

Adminstrative Ethics and Patient retirement - Research Paper ExampleThese include trust and confidentiality among others. However, in the know discussion, the paper aims at sense recent good problems from different perspectives. In conclusion, it supports the concept of penalizing violators of patient concealment. In addition, different forms of thinking use in this paper are also discussed. In summary, similar to any other right, patient privacy is extremely fundamental thus deserves respect. Introduction In administrative morality, beliefs are described as an adoption that the administration and the staff people perceive at the hospital as truth or mankind to private privacy. It may also include a conviction or opinion that is steadfastly held by the staff involved. Values, on the other hand, are the significant beliefs or attitudes, which people acknowledge by choice, feel or articulate in action with a sense of responsibility and ownership towards patient privacy. Simila rly, comprehension involves the selection, organization and interpretation of sensory data in a form that enables us to understand the human beings patients and their privacy. Perception can also be the way people interpret outside events and experiences into sensible inborn comprehension. Alternatively, administrative ethics involves the principles of right and wrong that determine the roles and functions of administration officers. On that note, it should involve responsibility to the society, virtues, principles, and benefits that abet the patient in safeguarding his privacy (Bruce, 2001). Ethics can also be the internal regulations that push a person to obey or not obey certain external facts. Therefore, what is the link between beliefs, values, sensing and ethics in administrative matters and patient privacy? In this aspect, the general beliefs people have toward administrative ethics and the privacy of patients is what generates to various values. However, ethics is the p erception of people toward these values in a ground such(prenominal) as a hospital and they relate to the privacy of patients. Ethical action according to me is the regularity of realizing a problem, producing substitutes and selecting among them in order for the substitute chosen to capitalize on the most significant ethical values. Additionally, the substitute selected is also meant to achieve the intended goal (Kaner, 2011). Therefore, in my view, the most important beliefs and customs in consideration of behavior pertaining to patient privacy are several. For instance, medical practitioners involved in the administrative ethics of patient privacy should have an open mind, which makes them unbiased towards their patients. In addition, their personal convictions should have ethical basis, which do not end up affecting the trust of the patients. Issue Statement Various contemporary administrative ethics are applicable in different organizational settings. For instance, thither ar e positive issues such as honesty, fairness and integrity that have an effect on patient privacy. On the other hand, there are negative issues in the form of lying, abusive or intimidating behavior, bribery, corporate intelligence and discrimination. However, in this case, we are going to discuss the administrative ethical issue of discrimination in relation to intermit of a patients privacy. Discrimination as a form of negative ethical issue is the prejudice against a person on the grounds of color, disability, religion, marital spatial relation, sexual orientation, public assistance status and age among others (Abele, 2004). These forms of prejudice go at betraying the trust and confidentiality of the patient leading to gross violation of rights and freedoms. So, why do

For an organisation with which you are familiar and drawing on Essay - 1

For an organisation with which you are familiar and drawing on scholarly sources, critic ally evaluate the value of social networking technologies to association sharing, desegregation and creation - Essay ExampleAlso, divers(a) organizations have now been recruiting experts in the field to mangle out an incisive social media strategy to avoid complications and clarify the rules of order regarding information sharing and integration beforehand. This is especially true for big organizations where the procedures are bureaucratic in nature, and thus a systemized way of data track the communication paradigms is regarded (Goertz, shortle & Bergestorm 2005 177). For this reason, the paper will explore the utilization of social media technology in the fall in Nations musical arrangement to integrate communication paradigms for effective advocacy and awareness campaigns. Lately, the organization has been focusing on developing blueprints on how social media tools and techniques can b e used to enhance the output of communication and advocacy campaigns. It can be argued that the United Nations organization utilizes the social media technology as a product of interpretive flexibility oer various relevant social groups. In other words, technology in social media and its utilization for various social groups in driving the organization to take leaps while the organization in itself isnt leading(a) the process, rather it is being led by interpretive flexibility processes. Also, the conceptualization of the social media technology differs all over the scope and role, thus in turn changing the structural systems. Thus, observing the organization, it can be barely states that the variables in social media technology tends to dictate how the UN designs communication strategies while the strategies tend to in turn reach structural change and thus, the process takes place in a circular manner which is dynamic and progressive.United Nations has missions and offices all around the globe, and thus it would be ignorant to perceive the social media communication paradigms at all levels integrated and similar in nature. Thus, for the purpose of determining a holistic

The High Education and Economic Growth in China Essay

The High Education and Economic Growth in chinaware - Essay ExampleAdd to that the institutions operate can play major role in antithetic scenes and too face certain challenges also. E.g. a university in China built in an urban flying field would look quite different than one built in a rural area Kolb, 2008, p. 92). at that place would also be difference in the modus operand. Here it needs to be mentioned that the higher education institutions involve various vocational training colleges, technical colleges as well as informal institutions. In the context of the present study development has not been restricted to macro economic forces only. The improvement of human condition, part of living, etc, has also been focused upon. The study has been conducted in order to analyze the major higher education transformation in China since 1999 and the impact of the transformation on the economy of the estate. The commitment of the country to achieve continuous growing through major up gradation and production of newfangled ideas has been reflected in the five year at long last and present ongoing five year plan of the country (Burgemeister, 2003, p. 192). The educational transformation strategy primarily focuses on the commitments towards tertiary education to achieve significant changes in the overall style. The study discusses the amount of changes in the labour force China with reference to the supply of global labour as well as the type of profession. The number of graduate and under graduate students on the country has been growing since 1999 by nearly 30% each and every year. Most of the spending made by the government is focused upon the new academic projects and the premier universities to extract the best talents possible. China has also been trying to upgrade the skills and the quality or production by increasing the higher educational reserve inputs.... This paper approves that during the focus group reciprocation the respondents felt that there is very little doubt over the fact that the educational expansion in China has played a major role in the economic growth of the country. But in between that the country has to face some steep challenges due to the growth of education. This paper makes a ending that the education reform in China, which was initiated in the late 70s, has made vast contributions to the overall economic growth the country. The investments made by the country to develop and promote human capital have helped the country to improve the lifestyle in the urban and rural regions and narrow the gap both economically and socially in the regions. The focus of the government is not just on quantity but on quality as the institutions are focusing on the meeting international standards. However, the educational expansion has created income inequality and increase the rate of unemployment. However, the entry of China in WTO has encouraged investments by several major firms in the country. This has created patron age opportunities. The experts feel that the government has to focus on the bottom of the pyramid in order to ensure unvaried distribution of educational expansion however it is being felt that based on the current conquest and initiatives taken by the government that educational reforms would continue to play a major role in the economic reforms and China would continue to emerge as one of the most emerging economies in the world.

What relationship can you draw between the ideas of the global village Essay

What relationship can you draw between the ideas of the world-wide village and joint intelligence and how will this impact your professional work - Essay ExampleThus, we no longer perish in unconnected and detached spots but a global village. Furthermore, this affair makes what we grouse corporate intelligence possible, and that is what is discussed below and how it impacts our lives.What collective intelligence means is that the intelligence of individuals and groups can be pooled unneurotic and used in several powerful ways. The actual concept was propounded by Levy (1997) though it is a part of the spiritual concept of collective consciousness. It was envisioned that networked computers would be able to enhance the essence of human knowledge in a number of ways by facilitating interaction among peopleand promoting their participation (Brand, 2007), and allowing the construction of super databases. McLuhan (1964) and Boorstin (1978) suggested long ago that we would be livi ng in a boundless global village because they foresaw the potential of electronic communication and the evolution of computers and the Internet. The former saw the global village as extending or nervous system in a global embrace, abolishing both space and time as far as our planet is concerned (Symes, 1995).Building on from the earlier World Wide Web, it is plain that a new phase has been reached named as Web 2.0 To take advantage of or harness this collective intelligence, many businesses for example have moved entirely onto the Internet and are applying its dominions to achieve what they could only recall before. Thus, another feature of Web 2.0 is the building of special applications that harness network effects to get give the more people use them (OReilly, 2006). One example of this is the online Wiki encyclopedia whose information rests on user contributions (wikepedia.org) The wiki principle in general is inviting for people to participate as it gives them power to make useful

The driving age should be raised or requirements for a license should Essay

The brainish date should be raised or requirements for a license should be changed - Essay ExampleIt is said that a sixteen-year-old teenager is not mature enough to be allowed to storm and patch some people might think it sounds unfair, it has been biologically proven. The frontal cortex in the serviceman head word is responsible for motor skills, risk taking, problem solving and emotional maturity. While lack of date might be blamed as a cause of road accidents by teenage drivers, emotional maturity is the major reason why teenagers make bad drivers. There is a process called the cattle farm of white matter from the back to the front of the brain which helps in effective communication between brain cells, a process that usually takes place when unrivaled attains the age of autodinal and continues until one is around elevator cardinal eld of age (Gillin). It is clearly visible from this f cloak that a teenagers brain does not have the capacity needed to make urgent and important decisions when driving. An adults brain cornerstone be able to switch on fast when an emergency occurs on the road while he is driving, for example, when a kid decided to rush to the road, thus saving a life. Teenagers ar also more than of risk takers, which become a problem when they are on the road, combined with emotional immaturity macrocosm a risk taker serves as a big problem as they will want to stray themselves in situations that will be difficult to handle. While I am not advocating that the driving age be changed to mid 20s to allow for maturity, a middle ground can be reached by raising the age from sixteen to eighteen to reduce the cases of teenage motor accidents (Bjorklund and Blasi 473). Statistics show that car crashes are the number one cause of death among teenagers in the U.S and those between sixteen and nineteen years of age were more likely to be involved in serious and fatal accidents than those aged twenty years and above. The former age had a n estimated 2700 deaths and 282,000 casualties in the year 2010. It is also interesting to note that death was preserve more among male drivers of the said age group as compared to female drivers. There were also change magnitude chances when the passenger was a teenager and in the first six months of being given a driving license. Moreover, 56% of interviewed teenagers admitted to answering mobile phones and 13% said that they are used to sending and responding to text messages while driving and a further 17% admitted that speeding was fun while driving (Teen Drivers Facts). most of the reasons noted as to why teens were more likely to be at risk, most of those involved in accidents at the time had been drinking and or speeding therefore resulting in fatal accidents and even death. In addition, most of the teenagers are unable to recognize dangerous situations and therefore end up taking risks that are life threatening and for those who already find themselves in such situations are not able to act fast as to prevent any forthcoming accidents. Some teenagers do not follow the rules of the road, one very important rule is to give enough space or headway between your car and the one in front of you therefore ensuring that you can see the road well and reduce chances of a crash in case the car ahead of you gets involved in one or halt suddenly.

Assignment and presentation A1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

And presentation A1 - Assignment ExampleCoca-Cola possesses the best know brand globally whilst PepsiCo possess massive brand-name reorganization but is more diversified than corresponding Coca-Cola. From the social class 2009 to the year 2013, PepsiCo accomplished slightly better growth rate in terms of sales and clear profit whilst Coca-Cola have maintained better profit gross profit with relatively lower cost of sales. Moreover, PepsiCos posed relatively lower short-term solvency run a risk to its underlying investors compared to the Coca-Cola. Both the companies exhibited low long-term solvency risk with PepsiCos risk being slightly upper than Coca-Colas.Both the companies experienced an identical level of investors reliance and stock pricing. The companies stocks are mainly dividend generating stocks. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola had relatively dividend yield and corresponding dividend payout rate. Coca-Colas bigger profit margin and dividends are probably very attractive to a p otential investor bur PepsiCos development potentials, argument diversification, low short-term liquidity risk, low long-term solvency risk, better return on investment and potent asset utilization definitely make the companys stock a better ship

Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping Research Paper

Opportunity-Development Approach to portion - Research Paper ExampleThere has also been a changing of attitudes over time and this has meliorate the conditions of the heap with disabilities or human service of necessity. The paper attempts to outline the issues in human services as well as attitudes in for the state with human services needs.Human services ar categorized into social services as well as amiable services to people with peculiar(a) needs like disability and mentally retarded in the society. Human services involve crack services to people who require services like mental health services such as trauma, mental conditions, psychological issues and those that would like to change certain behaviors in their lives. Social services are more often than not offered at the society level where many members in the society need assistance for basic needs to improve their quality life. Social services are mostly offered to the members who have developmental disabilities, the elderly, victims of drugs and crime and people who might be suffering from issues of immigration or refugees (Woodside 48).Professional services are offered to the needy people in the society as a result of developed centers which offers services to the needy people. Nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and other homes for the needy serve as good places to offer professional services. Family service programs are approximately of the best services that are offered to the needy people as the family workers offer a positive and secure environment where the needy people can be comfortable in. cases, where the needy people are catered by the agencies adopted, serve as a favorable environment to needy people because they feel a guts of belonging (Egan 445).Mental health services are offered by specialists and professionals like psychologists who understand various mental needs of the patients and they have the skills for various needs.

Product concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Product concepts - Assignment Exampleh the highest sales were from women apparel at $110,826 million, followed by that of men at $54,932 and children and infants at $34,235 (The Statistics Portal). Women are great shoppers and their tastes tack with the trending fashion and style, which also aligned with the technological transformations that were taking place in the industry, such as online market and selling (Spencer Para 2).I believed I had a role to play in growing my get ups business, which also enable me to advance my skills in operating my own business, which I believe I will have following my graduation. Therefore, I started marketing the products that my parents designed using my sociable media platform, Facebook, which was listed as the social media channel with the highest number of users across the globe (Niciporuc 1). The idea was that since I have a passion for engineering science I can also bring the two business ideas together and ensure that they complement seve rally other. In other words, I would use the social media to connect and interact with my friends while at the same(p) time I will be marketing the clothing designs and other products that I had made. Through this the customer based for my apparel retail business would grow, especially the target market that is women.Niciporuc, Tudor. Comparative analysis of the meshing rate on Facebook and Google Plus social networks. Proceedings of International Academic Conferences. No. 0902287. International show of Social and Economic Sciences,

Write a research paper creating an experiment using the cultivation Proposal

Write a paper creating an experiment using the cultivation theory - Research Proposal ExampleTelevision creation the most popular kind of mass media is considered a common medium amongst American youth. As the military issue of fact, the United States is leading the world when it comes to household videos operation, with an average of more than eight hours per day (The Economist, 2007). According to Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi (2003), mass who watch TV too much, can exhibit symptoms which are the same as that of substance dependence.The personal effects of tv have been studied by scientists for decades, whereby they generally focused on relationship of watching abandon on TV and being violent in real life (Berkowitz, 1964). Less concentration however, has been prone to the primary allure of the small screen. Several people admit how they hate couch potatoes, seeing oneself immersed into their sofas intervention and manipulating the remote control for long hours. Parents more o ften complain about their childrens daily heavy television viewing.Larson (2001) of the University of Illinois discovered t... Parents more often complain about their childrens daily heavy television viewing. Larson (2001) of the University of Illinois discovered that, TV is rarely used for positive developmental experiences and that viewing is associated with developmental liabilities. Moreover, some noted that, to much television consumption (expected to be more than four hours a day) is related to obesity, lower grades, transformed sexual norms and in any case detrimental effects in reading performance (Neuman, 1988). Others report , that larger amounts of television consumption has negative influences in sleeping patterns, frequency and quality of family meals, and self image (Van den Bulck, 2000). This research is paying concern to the effects of heavy television watching to the physical and social health of adolescents in some areas of Florida. logical implication of the St udy The findings of the study would be beneficial to the respondents and the rest of the adolescents. It will promote awareness on the benefits they quarter from television, at the same time will make them aware of the negative effects television may bring to their physical and social health dimensions. Proper intervention on their health will be recommended which can result to enhancement of their quality of life and sense of well being. The study can suffice as an eye opener to families, particularly to parents, who may have overlooked the effects of television in relation to the health of their children. Appropriate communication, discipline styles and house rules implementation can be discussed at station with their children. The results of the study hopes to contribute to the entire community, since

Organizations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Organizations and conduct - Essay ExampleAt Tesco the focus is on young lot and hence it looks at providing the opportunities for the people in their working lives. Culture helps the employees bind them together with their colleagues, customers and their communities. They aim at creating trust by having a culture which is anchored in truth. Tesco have the culture which is characterised by a collective desire to do the discipline thing. Right culture has helped Tesco steer their business in the right direction in how they serve their colleagues, customers and communities. In Tesco in the financial sector there is a manager or an employee who has to follow the structure of the organisation. The decisions be made by the management throughout the working day and it impacts the structure and practice of all some other employees in the company.There are twain internal and external factors which motivate an employee. The internal factors include communication, need while the external factors include incentives and sales target. Communication is crucial and is important for the employees to be able to cultivate their right. Further the whistle blowing policy at Tesco helps raise ethical issues and report grievances. Tesco understands the importance of motivated ply and supports the staff with a work-life balance through flexible working, discount gym membership etc. Tesco offers warlike salaries at all the levels and offers a whole package in ways that help the employees make more than money, look after their health and safeguard their future.The communication of Tesco should ensure that appropriate communication policies are send in place and work effectively in building and protecting the reputation of the Group both internally and externally. It should to have a structured communications programme to provide the colleagues with clarity on matters. The venire of directors should review the performance targets for the current year and give awards to employ ees to ensure that they remain motivated to the

The Effects of Rap Musice Have on American Culture Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Rap medicamente Have on Ameri butt joint Culture EssayRap music has sexual content imbedded in the lyric that teach our early days undignified messages. When youths be listening to the music, they are being introduced to sex, drugs and alcohol. In most cases rap music is the load for the many problems that occur in households. Especially with teenagers who are exposed to television inside of their homes. They tend to observation post music pictures that produce a lot of sexual content that is being shown for the teens to watch. The youth of America fecal matter be easily influence by the ventureivities that rappers are seen doing in music videos. They then rein act the things they see that are lorified by the rappers. This may perk up problems later on in life. Many experts have agreed that raps greatest effects are on children where its influence can be particularly upstanding n. d. www. newsnet. byu. edu/story. Teens often listen to rap music as a wa y out when they are going through personal issues at times. This is especially true for teens that are from broken homes. These teens live what they encounter and learn what they live, n. d. www. newsnet. byu. edu/story. Teenagers also look up to rappers as role models but I regain that there is too much exposure to lead and suggestive material being shown.Rappers tend to recrudesce a lot of high fashion trends and jewelry in the music videos. This is a really enlarged influence that may cause teenagers to steal things that they really compliments but cannot afford. It is also a unvoiced emphasis that influences and makes our society into a materialistic and superficial star. Though stealing can be real(prenominal) tempting at times when you see popular celebrities and rappers wearing trendy clothing and shoes, stealing can affect the entire rest of your life if you get caught. Its also hard for those arent as fortunate to buy nice things. Music encourages rage and anger to wards each other that will cause senseless behavior.Rappers have a way of expressing to their fans that it is okay to call women sexually explicit names give care hoe, bitch, slut, tramp, whore, etc. I believe that this is one of the biggest influences on young men. They grow up to think that it is okay or cool to be disrespectful towards women. This is not okay and it is not cool to put down women. Rap music forces young women to have depressed self-esteem physically and mentally. Along with low self-esteem, rappers have caused young women to detect a lack of self-resect and self-worth. This status is a very hard one.I have witnessed seeing women trying their hardest to meet everyones expectations. It is very hard trying to feeling pretty and trying to look flawless and perfect like video vixens that you see wearing hardly any clothing and showing a lot of skin in magazines and videos. There are more women making a lot of changes with their bodies through plastic surgery so the y can land a job in the music industry. In this case I feel that they are disrespecting themselves by allowing these music videos to influence them and their body image. Women dont see how it is affecting them the lyrics in rap music are derogatory.I dont understand why some women want to participate in the videos when the music has insulting remarks toward them. Ice-T is an American rap artist that has a past with loyal explicit lyrics. He is most known for the controversial line grasp Killer that debuted in 1990. The Cop Killer song has been involved in at least two shooting incidents and has inflamed racial tensions in cities across the country. This song was to inform cops that they are most hated and should stay away from their neighborhoods. This song later sparked citizens into a rage that broke out in a riot in southeast Central Los Angeles.There were assaults toward incident individuals which. 53 stack died and thousands were wounded, there where looters and arsons tha t also transpired. Music has the power both to soothe the savage beast and to stir violent emotions in man. Ferrell Jeff (1993) http//www. axt. org. uk/HateMusic/Rappin. htm African Americans is one of the biggest cultures that have a really big effect more than any other culture in America. This has affected the African American culture and the culture of American society in many ship canal and transmits the wrong message to the youths of America.Rap music has caused a lot of situations to occur and it has made the crime tempo go up. In conclusion rap music has affected American culture in so many ways. In most cases rap music has promoted negative habits. Toward young individuals and young adults whether for the good or bad, rap music has affected American culture literally. Hip hop music is just something that people will always hero-worship. We just have to understand that we cannot change the fact that youths are going to listening to the rebellious messages and the derogatory lyrics that are put out.

Conflict Resolution Essay Example for Free

engagement Resolution riseMerriam-Webster (n.d) defines interlocking as, the opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the dramatic action in a drama or fiction. Interpersonal departures, whether they be mingled with family members, students and teachers, employees and supervisors, or groups, accept true elements in common. Coser (1967) asserts that combat is a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, might, and resources, in which the aims of the opponents ar to neutralize, injure, or eliminate the rivals. (p. 8) Cosers recital grew out of the cold war, when contravention between the United States and the former U. S.S.R. dominated Western method to impinge. Conflict was determineed as a win-lose solution.According to Dana (2001) on that point are only triplet panaches to square up whatsoever counterpoint role contests, proficients contests, and interests reconciliation. Power contest is establish on Cosers (1967) win-lose situation. s eparately party views their point as right each wanting power over the early(a). Rights contest is an orderly system which has rules, regulations, policies, precedents and a hierarchy of authority which is used in order to win a reach this sit is a win-lose contract. The solution to struggle resolution is interest reconciliation.This salute enlists support from more than or less(prenominal) parties to find the vanquish solution. All parties win with interest reconciliation model as their solution. Conflict in the workplace is a condition between or among two or more workers whose jobs are independent, who feel angry, who perceive the other(s) as organism at fault, and act in a way that causes a business enigma. Conflict has third elements feelings (emotions), perceptions (thoughts) and actions (behaviors). Psychologists consider these collar the only dimensions of homosexual down. So, mesh is rooted in totally parts of the human nature (Dana, 2001, p. 5) some confus e competitiveness with indecision, disagreement, stress, or some other common experience that whitethorn cause or be caused by a conflict. However, those elements are non best handled by conflict resolution. The question many ask, is conflict normal?Conflict is a fact of any organizational life. On the job, conflict is a stubborn fact of organizational life (Kolb and Putnam, 1992, p. 311). Rather than seeing conflict as abnormal, Pondy (1992) suggests we view organizations as arenas for staging conflicts, and managers as two fight promoters who organize bouts and as referees who regulate them (p. 259). In addition, Pondy states that in the company, agency, or small business, conflict may be the actually essence of what the organization is well-nigh, and if conflict isnt happening then the organization has no reason for being (p. 259). One study surveyed workers and found that to the highest degree 85 percent reported conflicts at work (Volkema and Bergmann 1989).With an incre asing awareness of cultural diversity and sexual urge equity issuances, it is requisite that employees become familiar with issues surrounding promotions and harassment. In fact, one fundament see check overing in organizations as a form of preventive conflict management (Hathaway, 1995). The recognition of the frequency of conflict at work has led to books on mediating conflict in the workplace (Yarbrough and Wilmot 1995), showing how managers can instruct conflict management skills to intervene in disputes in their organization. As employees, daily work with clients, customers, co-workers, or bosses can be a struggle.Conflict is as Wilmot (1995) wrote, What determines the course of a relationship . . . is in a life-sized measure determined by how successfully the participants move through conflict episodes (p. 95). Conflict resolution has v styles, giving in, avoiding, fight it out, comprise, and work together style. No style is right or ill-use except some do work bett er than others. Accommodation, giving in to the others wishes or smoothing waves sacrifices ones own goals for the sake of the other person. Accommodators often use phrases like Whatever you want is fine with me. When one party in a conflict genuinely does not care about the termination of the conflict, accommodation may be the right choice for that situation. However, if accommodation is the only style a person utilizes, he or she is advised to learn more skills. Avoidance is characterized by behaviors that either ignore or refuse to engage in the conflict. eon avoidance is by some consider a negative style that shows low concern for both ones own and the other partys interests, there are sometimes strategic reasons to avoid conflict.For example, when the relationship is short-term and the issue is not important or when the situation has a potential to escalate to violence, avoidance may be the prudent choice. Fight it out, competition, or win/lose, style maximizes reaching ones own goals or getting the problem solved at the cost of the others goals or feelings. While always choosing competition has negative repercussions for relationships, businesses and cultures, it can occasionally be the right style to choose if the other party is firmly fixed in a combative style or there are limited resources. While competitive strategy is not necessarily dysfunctional, competition can easily slip into a destructive situation. Understanding the methods and strategies of others who use competitive styles can assist conflict managers in neutralizing the negative consequences of competition and work toward a mutual gain approach. Compromise is a give and take of resources.The classic compromise in negotiating is to split the difference between two positions. While there is no victor from compromise, each person also fails to achieve her or his original goal. Finally, working together to collaborate is when parties cooperatively team up until a mutually harmonical sol ution is found. Compromise and collaboration are win-win solution where as the other styles are win-lose. Why do pile avoid visioning with conflict? People name a natural instinct of awe and some let that fearfulness overpower them. The fear of harm causes community to fight-or- flying. Individuals leave behind choose the flight option when in a d wrathous part of a city that they prevail never been in before in order to avoid danger, it shows wisdom or strength to get out a of physically abusive relationship, commendable to stay out emotionally abusive relationships. In spite of this, in some cases hatful have the response to flight to a false perception of harm. People overstress in their minds the emotional harm that soul can cause harm.The akin is said for conflict in the workplace, mountain will avoid conflict for fear of being harmed by others. Some avoid conflict because of a fear of rejection from others. These individuals feel others will abstract their friend ship or push them away make more hurt. People have the perception if they do not risk of infection rejection they can suppress their ineluctably and feelings. Loss of relationship is the fear of rejection taken up a level they fear totally losing a relationship. Others avoid conflict to mask their true desires because preserving a relationship is more important than getting what they want. These individuals are trapped into believing their worth is dependant on another accepting them. People avoid conflict for fear of anger. These people do not like listening to someone who is angry. They believe another will hurt them, reject them, or leave them, and they just cannot stand to witness anger.However, anger is just anger and it is not necessarily directed toward them. Individuals do not want to be seen as selfish. In some situations people are not terror-struck of others fight downions, plainly rather their interpretation of the situation.They fear that they will attend selfish . However, is it wrong to have a emergency, feeling, or want and to express it? Society has sometimes had it seem that way. Although, there is nothing wrong with asking for what individuals want versus feeling they are entitled to always getting what they want. The justice is if one never asks, then they are depriving people around them from being able give to them usefully. Still, people who feel their wants should not be fulfilled, regardless of what others want, fall into the selfishness category. Sometimes people avoid conflict for fear of saying the wrong thing or something they will regret. Individuals will avoid conflict rather than risk putting their foot in their mouth they contain their anger and frustration which often leads to that which they fear. When people have conflicts in the past that have failed so they avoid future conflict for the fear of helplessness those alike and begin to believe the confrontation is not worth the emotional energy it takes to deal with others.The fear of failing can impact other aspects of ones life. The fear of hurting another is more than just saying the wrong thing. These individuals are extremely sensitive and caring. They would rather hurt themselves than risk hurting another. The fear of success is a fear that most over look. However, it is much like the fear of failure. Some people are afraid to get what they want they believe they will never get it. These people feel they do not deserve what they want, the consequences of getting of what they want is regret, or the responsibility is more than they need or desire. The fear of occasion is the most subconscious of the fears. People do not want to share their dreams, desires, and wants with others. They feel they are reclusive and do not want to be exposed. People do not want to appear weak. If resolution involves giving in, avoiding, or compromise they may feel they appear as though they do not have impudence. People do not want the stress of confrontatio n.They feel it is better to avoid conflict rather than deal with the stress it will cause them in the workplace between co-workers. Our society tends to punish alternative responses to conflict, rather than negotiation. People, who aggressively pursue their involve, competing rather than collaborating, are often satisfied by others who choose to accommodate. Managers and leaders are often rewardedfor their aggressive, controlling approaches to problems, rather than taking a more compassionate approach to issues that may seem less decisive to the public or their staffs. Conflict resolution requires profound endurance on the part of all parties It takes courage to honestly and clearly express ones needs, and it takes courage to sit down and listen to ones adversaries. It takes courage to look at ones own role in the dispute, and it takes courage to approach others with a sense of empathy, openness and obligingness for their perspective.collaborative approaches to conflict managem ent require individuals to engage in the moment of dialogue in thoughtful and substantive ways, so it is attendable if people tend to avoid such situations until the balance of wisdom tips in party favour of negotiation. People have certain perceptions in conflict when dealing with different situations.Culture shapes and frames each individuals interpretation of appropriate behaviors during conflicts. Conflict across cultures, whether across nations or across the diverse cultures indoors a country, exacerbates the salutary turn difficulties of conflict management (Fry and Bjorkqvist, 1997). There is no clear conclusion about whether men and women actually digest in different ways while conducting conflicts. However, gender stereotypes do affect conflict behaviors when individuals act and react based on stereotypes of how men and women will/should act rather than selecting behaviors appropriate for the individual one is communicating with (Borisoff and Victor, 1997). Parties r espond to conflicts on the basis of the knowledge they have about the issue at hand. This includes situation-specific knowledge and widely distributed knowledge.The understanding of the knowledge they have can influence the persons willingness to engage in efforts to manage the conflict, either reinforcing confidence to deal with the dilemma or undermining ones willingness to flexibly consider alternatives. The person sharing the message is considered to be the messenger. If the messenger is perceived to be a threat (powerful, scary, unknown, etc.) the message can influence others responses to the overall situation being experienced. For example, if a big scary-looking guy is yelling at people they may respond differently than if a diminutive, calm person would express the aforementioned(prenominal) message. Additionally, if the people knew the messenger previously, they powerfulness respond differently based upon that prior sense of the persons credibility.People are more incli ned to listen with respect to someone they view more credible than if the message comes from someone who lacks credibility and integrity. Some people have had noteworthy life experiences that continue to influence their perceptions of current situations. These experiences may have left them fearful, lacking trust, and averse(p) to take risks. On the other hand, previous experiences may have left them confident, willing to take chances and experience the unknown. Either way, one must grant the role of previous experiences as elements of their perceptual filter in the current dilemma.These factors, along with others, work together to form the perceptual filters through which people experience conflict. As a result, their reactions to the threat and dilemma posed by conflict should be anticipated to include varying understandings of the situation. This also means that they can anticipate that in many conflicts there will be significant misunderstanding of each others perceptions, ne eds and feelings. These challenges contribute to our emerging sense, during conflict, that the situation is overwhelming and unsolvable. As such, they become vituperative sources of potential understanding, acuteness and possibility. How do people respond to conflict? There are three responses to conflict emotional, cognitive and physical responses that are important windows into our experience during conflict, for they frequently tell people more about what is the true source of threat that is perceived by understanding the thoughts, feelings and behavior to conflict, a better insight into the best potential solution to the situation. Emotional (feelings) are the feelings we experience in conflict, ranging from anger and fear to desperation and confusion. Emotional responses are often misunderstood, as people tend to believe that others feel the same as they do. Thus, differing emotional responses are confusing and, at times, threatening.Cognitive (thinking) are our ideas and tho ughts about a conflict, often invest as inner voices or internal observers in the midst of a situation. Through sub-vocalization (self-talk), people understand these cognitive responses. Physical (behavior) can play an important role in our ability to meet our needs in the conflict. They include heightened stress, bodily tension, increased perspiration, tunnel vision, sh kick or accelerated breathing, nausea, and rapid heartbeat. These responses are similar to those we experience in high-anxiety situations, and they may be managed through stress management techniques. Establishing a calmer surround in which emotions can be managed is more likely if the physical response is addressed effectively. Dealing with someone unwilling to negotiate can be difficult for the person who is trying to resolve the conflict. However, the 8 pervert Model can be very beneficial, by focusing first on listening to the other person, and seeking to understand the sources of their resistance, the stage c an be set for clarifying the conditions he or she requires in order to talk things out.This is not about being right or wrong in the situation, but a practical strategy for getting the other person engaged as a furnish in the negotiation process. Another alternative is to focus on things we can do to influence conflicts in the future, rather than putting initial energy into understanding (or solving) problems we have had in the past. By remaining comparatively flexible about the agenda taking on topics individuals care about, but not necessarily the most pressing issues thus, creating an opportunity to reduce the fears associated with resistance. While the conflict may not be able to be truly resolved, some constitute issues that exist will be managed and will help to prevent the issues from getting worse. Power is an important and complex issue facing anyone seeking a negotiated solution to a conflict. in front negotiating clarify the true sources of power in the room The boss has position power, associated with the carrots and sticks that come with the role. She or he may also have coercive power, supported by contracts or statute that compels employees to behave in certain ways and do certain tasks associated with the job. Some may have a great deal of expertise power, accumulated from doing your job over a period of time.Either conflict participants may take normative power, through which they know the lay of the land in their department and, therefore, how to get things done. And either may possess referent power, through which others show respect for the manner in which the employee conducts themselves. Generally, referent power accrues to those who make a mature willingness to seek collaborative solutions. An impasse is the sense of being stuck. Impasse is the point within a dispute in which the parties are unable to perceive effective solutions. People feel stuck, frustrated, angry, and disillusioned. Therefore, they might either dig their heels in deeper, anchoring themselves in extreme and rigid positions, or they might decide to withdraw from negotiation. Either way, impasse represents a turning point in our efforts to negotiate a solution to the conflict. As such, rather than avoiding or dreading it, impasse should be viewed with calmness, patience, and respect. Multi-party disputes are complex situations, and they require careful attention and persistence.However, the same 8 Step Model can be applied to the disputes. In spite of using the same process expect everything to take a bit longer than if there where only two or three people. Patiently make sure that all points of view are heard, that issues are clarified for all to see, and that all members in the group accept the agreements being negotiated. If there are limits to the groups decision-making power, then it is important to acknowledge those limits and understand how they are perceived by all members of the group. There are many different ideas of the step fo r resolution, some claim five steps while others claim six-spot or seven for the conclude of this paper Weeks (1992) eight step resolution style is identified. Step one Create an Effective automated tellerCreating the right atmosphere in which the conflict resolution process will take place is very important, yet most overlook its importance. The atmosphere is the frame around the canvas which will be sundry(a) the negotiations and building of better relationships (Weeks, 1992). Step two Clarify PerceptionsPerceptions are lenses through which a person sees themselves, others, their relationships, and the situations they encounter. Perceptions have a great influence on behavior of people. Once people perceive something in certain way, even if the perception is wrong, in the mind it is that way, and often base behaviors on that perception (Weeks, 1992). Step three Focus on the Individual and divided up NeedsThis step builds on the previous step as needs as the conditions people perceive they cannot do without, those conditions critical to each persons wellbeing and relationships. However, step three focuses more on skills involved in the conflict partnership approach. There are several key points to keep in mind in this step. 1) Needs are the foundation of relationship and are an essential part of that foundation. 2) People sometimes confuse needs with desires. 3) Personal needs in relationships perceived byindividuals must allow for respect of the needs or the relationship (Weeks, 1992). Step four Build Shared PowerPower is a part of every relationship. However, the way people perceive and use power is seen frequently as a dirty word. Such as when people use power as means to control or to manipulate some else to get what they want. Although, power is and of itself not corrupt, it is the way in which people use their power and whether they allow such power to corrupt. Developing positive self power through a clear self-image means that we base our perce ptions of ourselves not on what others expect of us or want us to be but what we believe to be our own needs, capabilities, priorities and goals (Weeks, 1992, p. 152).Step five face up to the Future, Then Learn from the Past. All relationships and conflicts have a past, present and future. Resolving conflicts requires dealing with all three. The conflict partnership process encourages the use of positive power to focus on the present-future to learn from the past. The past experiences people face set the landscape for present and future decision making and how relate to others (Weeks, 1992). Step six Generate OptionsPeople have the ability to discover new possibilities in their relationships as well as conflict resolution. However, both are often impaired by the packaged truths and limited vision people hold onto in times of stress, insecurity, and conflict.Generating options breaks through the predetermined restrictions brought into the conflict resolution process. Generating op tions imparts choices which specific steps to resolve conflicts and enhanced relationship can be agreed upon (Weeks, 1992). Step seven Develop Doables the Stepping-stones to Action Doables are the necessary stepping-stones taken along the way to resolve conflict. Doables are explicit acts that stand a good possibility of success, meet some individual and shared out need, and depend on positive power, usually shared power to be carried out. Working on and accomplishing some doables can help the conflict partners see more clearly where they need to go. Many conflict partners have changed their preconceived definitions of both the conflict itself and the expected outcome due to the lessons learned and clarified perceptions through working with doables (Weeks, 1992) Step eight Make Mutual-BenefitAgreementsMutual-benefit agreements are the neighboring step on the pathway to conflict resolution. Conflict resolution agreements must be realistic and effective enough to survive and the p otential to develop further as challenges arise in the future. Mutual-benefit agreements replace the need or want for demands, see the others needs, shared goals, and establish a standard wherein power is identified as positive mutual action through which differences can be dealt with constructively (Weeks, 1992). ConclusionConflict is an undeniable aspect of everyday life whether it is with family, teachers, students, friends, or an organization. The best approach to resolving conflict is interest reconciliation. It joins both parties of the dispute to find the best solution. In so doing, all parties win. People respond to conflict in three ways emotional (feelings), cognitive (thinking), and physical (behavior). All are important to the conflict experience. They allow a better awareness to best furnish a solution to the situation. An important tactic to conflict resolution is to develop persuasion skills with the ability to clearly explain ones point of view and to argue for thei r conclusions and convictions. Weeks Eight-Step Process is a valuable tool in helping people to become more strategic about resolving conflict. ReferencesBorisoff, D., and D. A. Victor., (1997). Conflict management A communication skills approach, second ed. Boston Allyn and Bacon. Conflict, (n.d.). In Merriam-Websters online dictionary Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conflict Coser, L. A. 1967. Continuities in the study of social conflict. crude York Free Press. Dana, D. (2001). Conflict resolution. New York Mcgraw-Hill. Fry, D. P., and Bjorkqvist K., (1997). Cultural variation in conflict resolution. Mahwah, N. J. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hathaway, W., (1995). A new way of viewing dispute resolution training.Mediation Quarterly, 13(1), 37-45. doi10.1002/crq.3900130105 Kolb, D. M., Putnam, L. L. (1992). The Multiple Faces of Conflict in Organizations. Journal of organisational Behavior, (3), 311. doi10.2307/2488478 Pondy, L. R. (1992). Reflections on o rganizational conflict. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(3), 257-261. Volkema, R. J., and Bergmann T. J., (1989). Interpersonal conflict at work an analytic thinking of behavioral responses. Human Relations 42 757-770. Weeks, D. (1992). The eight essential steps to conflict resolution preserving relationships at work, at home, and in the community. Los Angeles, J.P. Tarcher New York Distributed by St. Martins Press Wilmot, W. W. (1995). Relational communication. New York McGraw-Hill. Yarbrough, E., and Wilmot W., (1995). Artful mediation shaping conflict at work. Boulder, Colo. Cairns Publishing.

Ed Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Ed ism EssayPhilosophy of command discount refer to either the academic field of employ philosophical system or to one of either genteelnessal philosophies that promote a specific type or vision of instruction, and/or which examine the definition, goals and marrow of education. As an academic field, philosophical system of education is the philosophical study of education and its problems its central subject return is education, and its methods atomic numeral 18 those of philosophy. 1 The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sentience of cosmos refer with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline. 2 As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of appl ied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as strong as the process of learning, to name a few.3 For example, it might study what constitutes training and education, the values and norms revealed by upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between educational theory and practice. Instead of being taught in philosophy departments, philosophy of education is usually housed in departments or colleges of education, similar to how philosophy of police is generally taught in law schools.1 The multiple ways of conceiving education coupled with the multiple fields and approaches of philosophy make philosophy of education not only a very diverse field provided similarly one that is not easily defined. Although there is overlap, philosophy of education should not be conflated with educational theory, which is not defined specifically by the application of philosophy to questions in education. Philosophy of education also should not be confused with philosophy education, the practice of breeding and learning the subject of philosophy.Philosophy of education house also be understood not as an academic discipline but as a normative educational theory that unifies pedagogy, curriculum, learning theory, and the purpose of education and is grounded in specific meta visible, epistemological, and axiological guesss. These theories are also called educational philosophies. For example, a teacher might be said to follow a perennialist educational philosophy or to follow a perennialist philosophy of education. Contents * 1 Philosophy of foster eon * 1. 1 Idealism * 1. 1. 1 Plato * 1. 1. 2 Immanuel Kant * 1.1. 3 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel * 1. 2 Realism * 1. 2. 1 Aristotle * 1. 2. 2 ibn-Sina * 1. 2. 3 Ibn Tufail * 1. 2. 4 John Locke * 1. 2. 5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau * 1. 2. 6 Mortimer Jerome Adler * 1. 2. 7 Harry S. Broudy * 1. 3 Scholasticism * 1. 3. 1 Thomas Aquinas * 1. 3. 2 John Milton * 1. 4 Pragmatism * 1. 4. 1 John Dewey * 1. 4. 2 William crowd * 1. 4. 3 William Heard Kilpatrick * 1. 4. 4 Nel Noddings * 1. 4. 5 Richard Rorty * 1. 5 Analytic Philosophy * 1. 5. 1 Richard Stanley Peters * 1. 5. 2 capital of Minnesota H. Hirst * 1. 6 Existentialism * 1. 6. 1 Karl Jaspers * 1. 6.2 Martin Buber * 1. 6. 3 Maxine Greene * 1. 7 Critical Theory * 1. 7. 1 Paulo Freire * 1. 8 Postmodernism * 1. 8. 1 Martin Heidegger * 1. 8. 2 Hans-Georg Gadamer * 1. 8. 3 Jean-Francois Lyotard * 1. 8. 4 Michel Foucault * 2 Normative Educational Philosophies * 2. 1 Perennialism * 2. 1. 1 Allan unfold * 2. 2 Progressivism * 2. 2. 1 Jean Piaget * 2. 2. 2 Jerome Bruner * 2. 3 Essentialism * 2. 3. 1 William Chandler Bagley * 2. 4 Social Reconstructionism and Critical education * 2. 4. 1 George Counts * 2. 4. 2 Maria Montessori * 2. 5 Waldorf * 2. 5. 1 Rudolf Steiner * 2.6 Democratic Education * 2. 6. 1 A. S. Neill * 2. 7 Classical Education * 2. 7. 1 Charlotte Mason * 2. 8 Unschooling * 2. 8. 1 John Holt * 2. 8. 2 Contemplative education * 3 Professional organizations and associations * 4 References * 5 Further reading * 6 External links Philosophy of Education Idealism Plato Inscribed herma of Plato. (Berlin, Altes Museum). Main article Plato consider 424/423 BC 348/347 BC Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic, wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society.He advocated removing children from their m other(a)s care and raising them as wards of the state, with great care being taken to differentiate children suitable to the discordant castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. Education would be holistic, including facts, skill s, physical discipline, and unison and art, which he considered the highest form of endeavor. Plato believed that talent was distributed non-genetically and thus must be found in children born(p) in any fond class.He builds on this by insisting that those suitably gifted are to be trained by the state so that they may be commensurate to assume the role of a ruling class. What this establishes is essentially a system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are, by virtue of their education (and inborn educability), sufficient for healthy governance. Platos literary works contain some of the following ideas Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class bowl the age of 18, followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher(prenominal) education for those who qualified.While elementary education made the soul responsive to the environment, higher education helped the soul to search for truth which illuminated it. Both boys and girls receive the same kind of education. Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics, designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a true person. At the age of 20, a selection was made. The best one would take an advanced course in mathematics, geometry, astronomy and harmonics. The first course in the scheme of higher education would last for ten years.It would be for those who had a flair for science. At the age of 30 there would be another selection those who qualified would study dialectics and metaphysics, logic and philosophy for the next five years. They would study the idea of good and first principles of being. after(prenominal) accepting junior positions in the army for 15 years, a man would have completed his supposed and practical education by the age of 50. Immanuel Kant Main article Immanuel Kant check 17241804 Immanuel Kant believed that education differs from trainin g in that the latter involves thinking whereas the former does not.In addition to educating reason, of central importance to him was the cultivation of character and teaching of moral maxims. Kant was a proponent of public education and of learning by doing. 4 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Main article Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Date 17701831 Realism Aristotle Bust of Aristotle. Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 B. C. Main article Aristotle Date 384 BC 322 BC Only fragments of Aristotles treatise On Education are yet in existence.We thus know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works. Aristotle considered humane nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education. 1 Thus, for example, he considered repetition to be a key tool to develop good habits. The teacher was to raceway the student systematically this differs, for example, from Socrates emphasis on questioning his listen ers to bring out their own ideas (though the comparison is perchance incompatible since Socrates was dealing with adults).Aristotle placed great emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught. Subjects he explicitly mentions as being important included reading, writing and mathematics music physical education literary works and history and a wide range of sciences. He also mentioned the importance of play. One of educations primary missions for Aristotle, perhaps its most important, was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis. All who have meditated on the art of governing human have been convinced that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth.2 Avicenna Main article Avicenna Date 980 AD 1037 AD In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madrasahs (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to a mosque. In the 11th ce ntury, Ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in the West), wrote a chapter dealing with the maktab entitled The Role of the instructor in the Training and Upbringing of Children, as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools.He wrote that children can learn better if taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and he gave a number of reasons for why this is the case, citing the value of competition and emulation among pupils as well as the usefulness of group discussions and debates. Ibn Sina expound the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.5 Ibn Sina wrote that children should be sent to a maktab school from the age of 6 and be taught primary education until they reach the age of 14. During which time, he wrote that they should be taught the Quran, Islamic metaphysics, language, literature, Islamic ethics, and manual skills (which could refer to a variety of practical skills). 5 Ibn Sina refers to the standby education stage of maktab schooling as the period of specialization, when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status.He writes that children after the age of 14 should be given a choice to choose and secern in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career. He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the students emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.6 The empiricist theory of tabula rasa was also developed by Ibn Sina. He argued that the human intellect at birth is rather like a tabula rasa, a pure potentiality that is actualized through education and comes to know and that knowledge is attained through e mpirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts habitual concepts which is developed through a syllogistic method of reasoning observations lead to prepositional statements, which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts. He further argued that the intellect itself possesses levels of development from the material intellect (al-aql al-hayulani), that potentiality that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-aql al-fail), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the stainless source of knowledge. 7

The Future of Nursing Essay Example for Free

The future of Nursing EssayWith the current trends and changes that argon eminent in the advantageouslyness forethought delivery system in the united States of America and due to the additional needs necessitate for the implementation of the Affordable Cargon Act (ACA) many alterations in breast feeding go away be demand in order to meet the needs of the patients. jibe to the Institute of Medicines (IOM) report The Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health, changes in the education, coiffe, and leading of nurses leave be required to lick operable accessible, high prime(prenominal), high value tutorship for patients in the health care system (Institute of Medicine IOM, 2011, p. 85). Although these changes pull up stakes affect all registered nurses the greatest volume of these modifications will be in the policies, restrictions, and regulations regarding desktop of practice for mod practice registered nurses (APRN). With the diploma, ADN, and BSN avenue s to becoming a registered nurse there are many different options for those desiring to enter the care for field. However, there are many barriers as well including cost, availability and location of nursing schools (IOM, 2011, p. 166).With the recommendations for nursing little in the IOM report many changes will need to be implemented in the education of nurses and in like manner to ease the transition of the graduate nurse into practice (IOM, 2011). In order for nurses to fulfill the full stretch of their capabilities in will be essential for them to achieve higher levels of education both before and afterwards licensure. The need for baccalaureate educated nurses will rise signifi discounttly as a result of the change magnitude demand placed on nurses due to the implementation of the ACA. With an increased number of patients entering a health care system that is already exhibiting a shortage of nurses and physicians in many areas of the country it will be necessary for nu rses to expand their practice and encompass more tasks and skills to provide the needed high quality care each patient deserves. These changes will require additional education and an evolution to lifelong learning on the part of both the up and coming nurses as well as those already in practice.The educational system for nursing needs to make modifications to provide for an easier and seamless transition to allow for academic advancement. According to the IOM nursing care is linked to higher quality care and increased patient safety. The reliance on nurses to assist in the transformation of the health care system is of the utmost importancehowever there are many barriers that impact this ability. The fragmented health care system besides makes the nursing practice difficult with regards to completing tasks such as discharge planning and implementation of home health. Regulatory policies are so diverse across the country that it will be critical to revise and standardize nursing sc ope of practice across the states. It is particularly imperative for APRNs to be allowed to practice independently to the full scope of their education and a capability to provide care for those living in states with vast rural areas that are severely underserved in primary care (IOM, 2011, p. 107).The advancement of APRNs scope of practice has also been met with much shield from physicians and the American Medical Association (AMA). In addition there is also opposition in copulation to prescriptive privileges for APRNs however the contention that APRNs are less able than physicians to deliver care that is safe, effective, and efficient is not supported by research (IOM, 2011, p. 111). It is also very difficult to determine the actual value that nurses can bring to the health care system as, The accounting systems of most hospitals and health care organizations are not designed to capture or differentiate the economic value provided by nurses. (IOM, 2011, p. 115). With the executi on of the ACA it will be vital for nurses to be knowledgeable about cultural and ethnic diversity to implement the patient pertain medical home modelling of healthcare. I believe the patient centered medical home model will be the most plausible tool to accomplish the evolution of the health care system.It has been limit into practice within the Military and Veterans Administration hospitals and clinics and has been very successful thus far. To make the essential changes in the United States healthcare system however a change in the leadership roles nurses play will be of utmost importance to bring about the necessary restructuring required. Leadership roles which in the past have been those in upper level position handing down commands will need to be reformed into a form of leadership which flows in all directions and levels (IOM, 2011, p. 223). The competencies and expertise of those nurses in practice will be imperative in leading the regulatory policies to contribute to the care and safety of the patients (IOM, 2011). Although nurses have never been viewed in a leadership role, and are more commonly viewed as the doers rather than the leaders a change in these views will be required not only in a cooperative situation with other members of the health care team but on all levels.It is therefore all-important(a) that current nurses and those of the future are equipped with the competencies not only to give high value, high quality and safe care to the patient population but also an intimate knowledge of health care delivery, ethics, and innovative ideas with the ability to provide effective patient advocacy (IOM, 2011, p. 224). Mentorship, leadership programs, and fellowship programs are the rudimentary in preparing nurses to answer the call to collaborate and lead not only the committees, and established boards but also our country in the innovation and reformation of the healthcare system (IOM, 2011).In conclusion the role of nurses will be forced to undergo radical changes in the areas of education, practice and leadership in the transformation of our health care system. Higher education will be required to produce individuals that are better fain to practice at the full scope of their ability and will continue to promote lifelong learning. The go through of nurses in the field both in the patient centered home model as well as assuming a role of leadership in the patient care environment and in the board room will be fundamental in the future of nursing in the United States.ReferencesInstitute of Medicine. (2011). The Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health. http//books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956page=R2

One Sony Analysis Essay Example for Free

unrivaled Sony Analysis EssaySony is Nipp hotshotse multinational conglomerate corporation with the revenue of US$71.87 billion (FY11). Sonys principal mental strain of crops operations accommodate Sony Corporation (Sony Electronics in the U.S.), Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile Communications, and Sony Financial, which be engaged in line of descent by means of 4 segment Electronics, Motion picture, Music and Financial services. This conglomerate corporation is known with slogan Sony. uniform no other. Growth from a company with initial capital of US$2000 in Nagoya,Japan in 1946, becomes whiz of Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders, third-largest television manufacturer in the world, subsequently Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, third-largest mobile manufacturer in the world after Samsung Mobile and Apple, but Sony now is in the potent time and in process of recovery. Before the current reorg anization, Sony prolong implemented quite many of reorganization but they seem didnt work, in the first months of 2012, Sony have been face with foundering TV business and the massive tax charge, that secure them lost US$6.4 billion. Come up with the untested-fangledly strategy sensation Sony in April 2012, new chief operating officer Kazuo Hirai aims to revitalize and grow the electronics business to realize new value, strengthen the subject matter business which atomic number 18 1. Strengthen burden business Digital imaging, Gaming, Mobile.2. Turning around the TV business3. Expandiing business in emerging markets4. Creating new business, accelerating innovation5. Realigning the business portfolio and optimizing recources(Source http//www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201204/12-056E/index.html)The new CEO have plan to reorganize the corporate, sell some(a) business, adulterate by 10,000 job to have memory board for the re vacate of Sony and no information for Sony Financ ial change. Sony target US$67.42 billion revenue and operating income valuation reserve of 5% in its electronics business and sale of US$ 95.51 billion, operating income margin of more than5%, and ROE of 10% for the Sony group overall (FY14).I. Environment psychoanalysis1. Marco environment2.1 EconomicsWith the globalization, the world now is more straight off, allow to customer frommore and more countries washstand access to foreign products, also it put upd the production, created more value for human on the world, so the film of product is expanding rapidly, Sony s products are one of the highest expanding demand products. Although the world economy continues to struggling with post-crisis started from US in 2008 and the global economic growth have vitiated further, the world liquid witness the success in business of big electronics and mobile company such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Apple, Samsung 2.2 Social and demographicAccording to UNICEF, the worlds population is 7 billion as the end of 2012 and expected to increase in next 5 years. This means that the demand of all the products provide increase along.There are more than 67% of American household play video games, 40% were women and they almost under 25 year old. This show that this form of entertainment is mainstream now in US. The trends are similar in Europe and Japan. The other country market show the optimistic with the rapidly increase of gamer. The demand of the other electronic entertainment and mobile is clearly growth in the past decade.1.3.Technological flood tide along with the rapid growth of the Internet is the new services on it such as meshing storage (Mediafire, Dropbox, Box.net,.), internet integrate with TV (which is now one of Sony s TV line), internet calls, internet service on mobile,creating wider market and more direction to expand business for Sony.But also in that location are difficulties for Sony, the margin for technology advancement is now diminishing, which i s unfavorable for the pioneer of technology such as Sony.1.4. PoliticalAs one of the biggest company and contributed significantly for the growth of Japanese economy, Sony have received the top up from Japanese government. For instance, in the last months of 2011, Japanese government provided US$2.6 billion to Sony, Toshiba Ltd and Hitachi Ltd for their planto immingle their liquid-crystal display operations, in the effort to compete with the rivals from Taiwan and South Korea.1.5. LegalIntellectual property as well as commercialization and protection have given the corporation a significant stock of comparative advantage.So the macro environment is favorable for Sony to implement its new strategy One Sony.2. The competitive environment2.1 The threat of new entrantsThe threat of new entrants is low. The electronics labor requires huge capital to trope the manufacture, buy the equipments, fund to RD economics of scale technology and innovation to produce the produce and create p roduct differentiation. Moreover, the new entrants allow for join forces a lot of difficulties with prevention of the big companies in the intentness such as Sony, because these companies have huge capital and power to create a lot of barrier to the new comers and usually buy the new comers if they have potential to gain profit (unique technology, intellectual property,), then turn them as one of the companys SBU.One thing need to mention also is the intelligent requirements, to enter the electronics industry, the new entrants are required to obtain approval from the government, which require plenty of high requirements.These make the potential entrant in the low level.2.2. The bargaining power of buyersThe power of buyers is high. With the access to the internet, the customer can get the information about the product fully, including the price, the hardware, the software, methods of tar and compare between difference companies to choose the scoop up set for their demand. More over, the switching cost from one brand product to another is almost zero, especially in Europe, USA and Japan. Hence, the companies always try to optimize and offer the customer their top hat set to satisfy the customers to winding them to the company2.3. The bargaining power of supplierThe power of supplier is low. Sony do not buy the supplements from one supplier but it buy them from the best offer. Like another conglomerate corporation, Sony have their own inquiry centre to create their own product differentiation and avoid from rely on the supplier.2.4 The intensive of aspiration among competitors in the industryThe competition in electronics industry is high. The product between different brand is not different much, the margin of technology advance is now shorter, the product cycle therefore is shorter too enchantment the cost for RD is more and more higher.2.5 The threat of substitute products and servicesThe threat of substitute products and services for electronics in dustry is low due to the growth quickly of the electronics industry (although it have slower than the period of 1980-2000), there are no type of product and services can compete with electronics nowadays and if it have, the big companies on this industry will the first who have them.So the electronics industrial will not the good for the new players, it ripe the ground for big player such as Sony, Samsung, Apple, HTC, Nokia, to compete each other, mainly in the new technology , differentiate their products.3. Internal environmentAccording to Value chain analysis mode which devised by Porter(1985), a company have primary activities( inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketingsales, service) and support activities(firm infrastructure, human resources management, technology development, procurement). The analysis below will show the pros and cons of Sony.4.3 Inbound LogisticsAbility to conduct the various complex in-bound logistics activities well to urge on smooth o perations and productions4.4 OperationsThe religious zeal to innovate coupled with inexplicit knowledge to flesh revolutionary products that memorise customers into buying them. The longtradition and experience will help Sony create the best optimize for its operation. 4.5 Outbound LogisticsPossess the capability to train employees and associates to manage and perform the vast and complex out-bound logistics activities that enhance operations protocol. Moreover, the logistic companies will be the considerable choice for Sonys logistics activities when needed or to cut-off some activities and concentrate to the main ones.4.6 Marketing SalesPossession of a world-class marketing acumen and tacit knowledge that has made Sony a global mega brand.4.7 ServicesAble to integrate the various resources and functional activities to meet the needs (innovative, quality and reliable) of global customers.4.8 Infrastructure FinancePossess the necessary physical resources to help hand over value -creating competitive advantage as well as a large reserve that can be leveraged to invest in infrastructure to further lower costs.4.9 Human ResourcesAble to leverage on monetary resources to provide competitive numeration packages and training that help to motivate and insentitives. Staff who shows managerial potential is courteous to take over leadership posts. With the middle-managements and low level managements, Sony provided the training in management, updating market information, delivery by in-side or out-side teacher.4.10 TechnologyAble to leverage on technologies well and ahead of its competitors to create innovative and high quality products, be one of the pioneers on the new high technology products.4.11 procurementPossess procurement know-how that leads to quality input at lower costs.With above analysis, we can see Sony have capabilities and advantages to implement a strategy take Sony back to the track and make more and more earnings in the years after.II. One So ny strategySony offer different products for different customers, its product line is very large with electronics products (video equipment, audio equipment, television, mobile, components), entertainment products( famous PlayStation, games, movie and music).One Sony strategy with key beginning(a) to transform the electronics business are1. Strengthen core business Digital imaging, Gaming, Mobile. 2. Turning around the TV business3. Expanding business in emerging markets4. Creating new business, accelerating innovation5. Realigning the business portfolio and optimizing resources.(Source http//www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201204/12-056E/index.html)In this period of time, the global economy is still struggling post-crisis and the growth of economics is slower further, the customers are still cut-off their spend on buy products, the competitive in electronics industry is more and more. The One Sony strategy s one aim to accelerating innovation, create the differentiation but mostl y they still focus on the core business Digital imaging, Gaming and Mobile. In the core business Sony have the advantage as one of the leaders of the market with wide-known product such as Xperia mobile, PlayStation console game, Home theatre,This will retain Sony as the famous company in the electronics industry, know world-wide (keep them from the situation as Nokia), the profit of the core business will provide fun for RD, which essential for any companies in the electronics industry, creating new business, accelerating innovation. Although Sony choice the focus strategy, but as any strategy, Sony then have to create differentiation on its products (create new business, accelerating innovation) come along with reduce cost (realigning the business portfolio and optimizing resources). This movement will help Sony have the advantage on compete with the rivals, whom urgently want to gain more market share.

ICT in Manufacture Essay Example for Free

ICT in Manufacture attemptInformation technology has had a massive effect on manufacture over the past decades devising job losses bigger and creating new jobs for machines giving manufacturing company managers easier jobs than before.In the early fifties manufacturing companies make items such as gondola cars and stereo schemes would have been made by hand by a man-sized group of flock. These plenty would have a different workstation with several people working on unrivaled aspect of the item. All these would have had to have the resembling qualifications to do this vary. For now lets take something easy comparable the making of dolls like action man and Barbie. A conveyor belt would go across with one(a) item to begin with and along the conveyor belt sat workers. These workers would each have a part that they would add to the doll as it went past them. And at the end the doll would have been made fitted with tout ensemble limbs and clothes. One problem with this sys tem was that when everyone had a tea break and lunch break at the same time forfeitping the line of manufacture and making hard for the workers to stick to a tight schedule. instanter this problem has been solved because machines do wholly the work. There be no conveyor belts or rows of workers needed. The machines do all of the work. The few people you may find are those with clipboards walking around the machines monitoring how they are working. So with this new system when people have to take breaks there is no need for these machines to stop they just keep on working till the end of the day.One small problem with this system is that if one of the major components of a machine breaks down then you would have to shut down all the other machines so that the one that is broken can be fixed. This would result in a twin of hours lost for making the product. When these sort of manufacturing companies invested in computer technology to make their dolls not many jobs were lost. notw ithstanding when car companies started employing machines to make their cars instead of people less jobs were needed in that industry. Both the making and the figure of cars have changed via the use ICT.In the designing department drawings were made by hand and tests for aerodynamics and crashes were do in a special arena. But now ICT has changed all that. Drawings are made my computer with a special programme that reads the dimensions and put makes it out to be the shape of the car. With these dimensions they can then run simulations for aerodynamics and crashes and see if it scientifically possible to build the car.Down in the production unit of the car manufacturers people use to stand in big groups making parts for cars and adjusting them, parts such as organic structure kits, engines and the main body. These people didnt have to really be qualified they just had to be trained in how to do the job at a certain workstation. So when machines were introduced in how to do these j obs many people were left unemployed and with no qualifications. This made it harder for them to get to a greater extent jobs. Companies can also take as much of the blame as ICT. If the car manufacturers were willing to pay out a bit more money on training, their existing workers how to use and control these machines then they wouldnt have to cut down on workers. They also would leave several hundred workers readily employable with qualifications if they needed to be re-employed.The majority of car companies failed to do this, keeping the younger employees and firing the employees that had been there quite long and leaving in a position where some of them couldnt provide food for their families. Therefore ICT in manufacture has had a positive and shun effect on places all around the world.