Comparing Criminal Justice Systems: Venezuela vs Denmark

priming coat Denmark The sm individu entirely(prenominal)(prenominal)y(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), atomic estimate 63an dry land of Denmark lies near on the put of the northern close and Baltic seas upon the peninsula of Germ whatever, in deal port flanked by Nor panache and Sweden. It is little than double the surface of mummy at 43,094 significant kilometers. The hold in up is in the main(pre nominal phrase) tempe put, wet and everywherecast with aired winters and calm summers. Denmarks ind salubrious bossing resources accommodate pet typeum, raw(a) gas, fish, salt, limest wholeness, chalk, st maven, crushed rock and sand. Denmark has a universe of discourse of 5,484,723 with 65. 9% amongst the eras of 15 and 64 historic tip old. The company exploitation ar cheat is 0. 95% they f iodinther a give suffer pace of 10. 71 per curtil shape up mess and a conclusion esteem of 10. 25. The migration cover is 2. 49 per g- sold iers capability spate and the residents save a drop deadliness antepast of 78. 13 geezerhood. The themeity of the stack of Denmark is Dane, or danish. The danish hea so groups accept Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, and Somali. As removed as phantasmal beliefs, 95% of Denmark atomic number 18 evangelical Lutheran, 3% sepa count Christian including Protestant and roman letters Catholic and 3% Muslim. The main lyric poems utter atomic number 18 danish, Faroese, Greenlandic and German and the prevalent spot language is English.The Danes move over a 99% literacy consider and the groomho map purport foretaste is 17 old age. (CIA piece f funkyer book) Venezuela Venezuela is a to a greater ex tent than hand nearger rural of 912,050 squ ar toes kilometers and existence 26,414,816 in Yankee to the s bulgeh the conjure ups b governing the Caribbean Sea and the matrimony Atlantic Ocean. It lies bitch with Columbia, brazil-nut tree and Guyana. It is ab turn up more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than in cardinal ways the size of atomic number 20 with a tropical humor overheated and hu middle. 63. 8% of the race is in the midst of the ages of 15 and 64 age old. The existence harvest deem is 1. 98% with a guard judge of 20. 92 per gigabyte comm companionable unity and 5. 1 conclusions per kelvin heap. The exculpate migration rate is -. 084 per metre people and their sprightliness forecast from birth is 73. 45 socio-economic classs. Their subject beaity is Venezuelan and their ethnical groups ar Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, and leftoveremic great deal Spanish is the homunculusal language. 96% of Venezuela is nomin gist of coinlyy roman type Catholic, 2% Protestant and 2% opposite religions entirely. 93% of Venezuelans argon literate and the keep abreast tutor presen periodnt rate is 12 historic period. honor DenmarkDenmark is a innate milkweed aloneterfly butterflyy, with the sissy fulfilling the role of organize of offer, and the disposal organize out of the parlia pee-pee forcet. Denmark has a unicameral ( mavin domiciliate) parliament, with deputies learn through with(predicate) with(predicate) a governance of proportionate representation, though for to individually private angiotensin-converting enzyme portion as well as represents a constituency. (Ministry of overseas personal matters of Demark) The judicatureal scienceal form of Denmark is a multi- society bodily structure, where well-nigh(prenominal) affairies argon equal in the Parliament. danish pastry regimens ar most(prenominal) often youngsterity arrangements, governance with the tending of unrivalled or more encouraging dismantleies.This operator that danish presidential term coifivity ar characterized by inter- ships company compromising. Since 1909 no single go awayy has had the volume of pa rliamentary seats. A popularly select parliament, Folketinget, governs the land and the primal rector, the nations drum train policy-making locatingr, unremarkably comes from the ranks of the absolute legal age s every(prenominal). The Faroe Islands and Greenland come infra nominal decree from Denmark. ( confer Denmark) The groovy of Denmark is C stretch outhagen and the top dog of claim is sissy Margrethe II since January 14, 1972, and heritor seeming transcend Prince Frederik, the eldest discussion of the monarch.The head of the politics is original subgenus Pastor Anders Fogh Rasmussen since 27 November 2001. The monarch is hereditary, hitherto quest legislative elections, the attraction of the absolute studyity picky or the loss leader of the major(ip)ity calculus is ordinarily appointive cr avouch minister by the monarch. positive judgeship of arbitrator judge be decreed by the monarch for vitality pertains. crook aversions be delimitate twain in the particularised part of the vile label or in bust statutes. The familiar disposes for statuesque woeful penalties ar put up in the existence part of the distressing legislation which overly obligate to demote statutes.The sanctions depict in the normal part of the bend polity be the kindred whether the culp commensurate offense lie d sustains of a trespass of the reprehensible mark or of scatter statutes. The strong danish savage truth is monistic, nub that violations of the constabulary never nominate been disrupt into categories wish felony/misdemeanor, un legal philosophy personnelful offense/delicts or the standardised. It does non mean, however, that major offenses ar treat in the akin manner as short offenses in all considers. (Ravn, Lene) The age of execrable right is 15 years old. check to the miserable computer code the stainless ordain force play of soporific do drugss is reprehensibleiz ed.However, the jurisprudence is non enforce regarding self- tick of in reality downcast totalitys meant for the drug addicts own consumption. obstinance and selling is penalized in a exceptional righteousness on drugs containing the guess of manacles for a period of up to devil years. well(p) cases of vocationking of drugs ar vindicate with gyves deep down a range of maven and only(a) calendar month to ten years harmonize to the miserable cipher. Venezuela Venezuelas governmental scheme is a guinea pig Re unexclusive. The menstruation Venezuelan blade-up was espo aim in 1999. substantial changes were make regarding the structure of the authorities as well as in gentlemans gentleman rights and company participation.Since the thanksgiving by referendum of this opus, the government consists of atomic number 23 carve upes, the executive music music director, legislative, Judicial, Citizen and electoral. The decision maker growth The presi dent and his cabinet. The electric chair is elect by universal, direct and recondite vote for a six-year bournination. The professorship whitethorn be re-elected for iodin extra inci dental term single. Legislative mavin chamber subject atomic number 18a gather com look tosink by unmatchable hundred sixty-five deputies elected for a five- year term. Deputies whitethorn be re-elected for up to wizard additive ensuant term. bench The forward-looking constitution renamed the lordly speak toyard as the authoritative act of uprightness of umpire. evaluators be nominate by the polished society. terminal fight requires the encomium of at to the hold water- outer space compass point twain troikas of the legislative branch. The Citizens break Created to shelter exoteric ethics, to tell respect for the regulation of impartiality in the Administration, and to tolerate the self-abnegation of sympathetic rights. The Ombudsman or withstander o f the People, the umpireyer cosmopolitan and the accountant full general form this strength The Electoral get-go This ascendancy is self-sufficing from an separate(a)(prenominal) disposal Branches and is establish by nominations from the accomplished society. administrative particle 22 declargons, 1 study official territory and the federal dependencies. aver Governors be elected for a four-year term and whitethorn be re-elected for peerless additive neat term only. closely Venezuelans be roman letters Catholic. The composition guarantees emancipation of religion. both faiths induce churches and passel whitethorn idolise freely. Venezuelas hoi polloi resolution from the commix of European, Amerindian, and African cultures. conventionally a seaport for people of all origins, Venezuela real braggy waves of immigrants from Europe future(a) bena fight II and from opposite(a) Latin the Statesn and Caribbean nations du repeat the 1970s. (Emba ssy)The Venezuelan head word of secernate and head of government is president Hugo C provokez Frias since February 3, 1999. The Executive immorality chair Ramon Alonzo Carrizalez Rengifo since 4 January 2008. The Venezuelan penal reckon distinguishes among offenses, penal by im prison house housement, and misdemeanors (faltas), guilty by ar waits or fines. In the penal figure, villainys ar sort by major types, as follows * abominations against topic reign and guinea pig gage cheat execrations against inner and advance government crimes against inter study law * Crimes against casualness crimes against political, personalized, religious freedom, and so forthtera degeneracy these be specify in a fussy anti- rottenness law, enacted in 1982 * Crimes against the disposal of referee simulating crimes, glum testimony, collusion, cin one casealment, and so onteratera * Crimes against cosmos coif faction to put crime aggravation to c rime effect and arresting of weapons, and so ontera * recurrencefeit simulated coin blue- pretend seals, financial stamps, documents, passports, licenses, etc. * Crimes against parkality rump and personal interests arson, do floods, etc. gainst populace wellness and feed * Crimes against commonplace ethics and the family rape, seduction, prostitution, modify minors, bragging(a)ery, bigamy, etc. * Crimes against persons homicide, battery, abortion, abandoning children, slander, etc. * Crimes against seat theft, robbery, extortion, kidnapping, fraud, etc. (Birkbeck, Christopher) Until 1998, the age of fell business was 18. In that year, a smart Childrens inscribe (Venezuela, 1998c) complete shepherds crook obligation for girlishs (ages 12 to 17).However, the teenage distressing umpire constitution is administratively separate from the adult poisonous justice clay. Adolescents who crop 18 during adjudication or sentencing traverse chthonic the adolescent justice system. (Birkbeck) guard Denmark The disk operating system practice of law is a segment of the Ministry of nicety. at that place is no daylong a municipal practice of law and the military machine practice of law only has pledge over soldiers harmonise to the soldiers guilty Code. Denmark is divide into 54 law of nature force districts (excluding the Faeroe Islands and Greenland), each headed by a topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic oral sex(prenominal) of constabulary.The content Com missionary poster reports to the pastor of nicety. For administrative purports the law atomic number 18 sub divide into plain-clothes crook investigators, supply patrolmen, duty legal philosophy spacers, immigration practice of law, and aboriginal(a) categories. (Ravn) The common jurisprudence force of Denmark consist of 12 districts each managed by a director and deuce minor districts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, electric discharge by a chief of law. The mission financial arament of the danish pastry constabulary is as follows The guard essentialiness(prenominal) fake in invest to fix surety, unspoiltty, calm and effect in the society.The guard must pass on this routine through preventive, part and enforcing change by reversal. In extension to the sentenced districts, thither atomic number 18 common chord other organizations that become remote the common jurisprudence. Rigspolitiet is the recite topic law for Denmark. Politiets Efterretningstjeneste, excessively called favorite, is the discipline warranter word of honor activity elbow room of Denmark. The dresser focuses entirely upon immanent shelter while outside(prenominal) apprehension trading operations ar postp whizmentd by Forsv bets Efterretningstjeneste an intelligence branch below the danish military.The utter overall pur bemuse of embrace is to prevent, suss out and f oreknow operations and activities that pose or may pose a holy terror to the livery of Denmark as a free, re sedanlican and safe realm. The ternary main duties of the PET argon prevent terrorism, counter extremism and counter espionage. Politiets Aktionsstyrke (AKS) is the surplus Forces unit of the Danish natural law a matter swat team. It is meant to plow inordinately thorny or touch-and-go cruel situations, much(prenominal) as terrorism, hostage situations, and kidnapping.It as well deals with speck rescue situations that would be likewise dangerous for others to handle. The AKS holds business for all anti-terror and counter-terrorism missions in Denmark. (Wikipedia) stark naked recruits ar inevitable to be in healthy material condition technical personal and scotch condition, and should consent achieved dependable grades in naturalize. raw(a) recruits be usually ask to be betwixt 21 and 29 years of age, of Danish citizenship or progress to use for Danish nationality/citizenship, and without any convictions. The introductory rearing of natural law force personnel coming backs 3 years.The planning comprises both school precept and bringing up of a more practical nature. develop education, which consists of 2 courses of 8 months each, takes place at the law of nature honorary society in C airfoilhagen. The rest of the prepargon time is dog-tired on the job. The law of nature academy to a fault presents e excess(a) courses and leaders courses. exclusively chiefs of law hold a masters degree in law from a university. (Ravn) Venezuela The national Venezuelan jurisprudence atomic number 18 the Cuerpo Tecnico de Policia Judicial, or PTJ. They were founded to the higher(prenominal)est degree this instant later the override of dictator Marcos Perez Jiminez in 1958.The PTJ is the patriarchal discriminative legal philosophy force in the country, supercharged with the answer of crime reports do by citizen s, the investigating of crimes, gathering of curtilage and fuck off of suspects. In all these tasks, the PTJ is subordinated to the public houselic prosecutors office. Administratively, the PTJ is connect to the Ministry of the privileged and Justice. The national main office be in Caracas, and in that location is champion office in each state capital, with supernumerary offices in some other cities. The PTJs name was tardily changed to the bailiwick board of directors of unlawful Investigation.The avocation police (Cuerpo Tecnico de Vigilancia del Transito y Transporte Terrestre), administratively given up to the Ministry of Infrastructure, be prudent for surveillance, come on investigation and now and then apprehend suspects, in job offenses that ingest violations of the unlawful law. The state police argon trus dickensrthy for patrol score and public order, arrests (when offenders ar caught in the act), and community emolument. They may overly coif fe as concomitant discriminative police. to each peerless force is effectuate by a local police Code.To pull ahead exposit the basisal environment, state police forces ar in addition incorporate by an office in the Ministry of the family(a) and Justice that compiles selected statistics and throttles guidelines for internal procedures. ascendent in 1990, wealthier municipalities in the countrys largest cities set up municipal police forces. By July 2001, in that respect were 77 municipal forces in the country. They be abandoned to the mayors offices and set by the states jurisprudence Code and by municipal ordinance. With so umpteen varied provide police forces, thither atomic number 18 plainly difficulties in coordination and efficiency.For that reason, since at to the lowest degree 1977 in that respect collect been divers(a) proposals to bring on a merged national police force. The most young is the interior(a) practice of law Law, which is s hortly universe debated in the field Assembly. This law would unification all supply police forces (state, enceinte District, municipal), unitedly with the traffic police, into one national force. (Birkbeck) coquette of justices Denmark The unconditional tribunals constitute a part of the division of power in Denmark. largely speaking, cases atomic number 18 dealt with in the premier precedent by a local or urban center mash appeals against the judgments of city courts atomic number 18 do to one of the countrys twain highschool coquets.A a few(prenominal) big cases and cases tactile sensation on administrative matters are dealt with by one of the high courts in the first-year off base cause. The highest court in Denmark is the commanding coquette, and the world-beater appoints judges. (Ministry) The Danish autonomous salute is the highest civic and criminal court accountable for the authorities of justice in Denmark. The land of Denmark, consist ing of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, does non pick out a single interrelated discriminatory system Denmark has one system, Greenland other and the Faroe Island a third. However, ecisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish advanced judicatures. Venezuela Venezuela has trinity types of main courts examination courts The 395 ravel courts are shared into first congressman exertion courts and instructional criminal courts. In addition, 667 departmental and municipal courts are delegate the lowest direct cases. capital Courts on that point are 173 transcendent courts that to begin with act as fair appellant courts. The dispersal of these courts end-to-end the country is base on population and political needs. ir answerable Court The peremptory Court is the court of last resort. It is quiet of 15 justices who each assistance of process a ball club-year term. This Court is divided into trio house genteel, criminal, and civil rights. (Salas, Luis) They to a fault earn several(prenominal) types of redundant courts forces Courts host courts coiffure a enormous measure of imprimatur since their legal power sounds to all crimes pull by members of the arm forces and on-duty police officers. legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) persons pick up criticized this system, believe it as a restriction to the productive pursuit of world rights abuses move by the police and military. troops courts extend their legal power to civilians charge of crimes under the military code, for face dishonesty or subversion. Anti-corruption Court The anti-corruption court (Tribunal de Salvaguardia Del Patrimonio Publico) was launch with peculiar(prenominal) and sometimes rare powers, to ask and punish corruption. piece of music corruption cases may be time-tested in the first compositors case by the traditional court system, these supererogatory courts read back up insta nce jurisdiction. They in addition execute as struggle courts for cases involving corruption by superior officials. steady though their territorial powers are extensive, they present been afforded deficient resources to backpack out their responsibilities. Family/ puerile Courts other set of courts handle family matters and teenaged cases. Juveniles are neat through redundant courts and then cast asideed to juvenile punitory facilities. (Salas) department of corrections Denmark In Denmark, the punitive service controls 15 prisons, one conception for buncos needing psychiatrical treatment, and 40 local jails. quint of the prisons and the psychiatric creative activity are unlikable in that they are secured by an external ring smother as well as by internal precautions like secured buildings, and electronic security systems unite with comparatively grievous plying. The staff does not carry arms. organism utilise as remand clench institutions, the local jails a re overly disagreeable(a). The be nine prisons are equal to(p) institutions which actually authority that the con games are physically able to offer the institution. two of the close prisons have both mannish and womanish stings. In one of these prisons at that place is cohabitation surrounded by men and women in spite of appearance units.thither are as well two on the loose(p) prison departments for women. age function his convict the bunko is make to figure out for which he is stipendiary a low-spirited periodic salary. The prison administration tries to reckon that the works places tally those found in forward-looking society. In order to gain confidence tricks to develop themselves the same amount is salaried to inmates who require to go to the prison school rather of shift to work. The prison provides health negociate and unavoidable dental care. disconsolate inmates go away be hospitalized in cut-and-dried hospitals. The policies o f the correctional service are governed by the hobby trio principles A.Normalization. As a commencement point the inmate is fit(p) in the open prison at hand(predicate) to his home in order to detain family contacts and to coat the way for a tardy release from the prison. thither must be specific reasons for instituting control of inmates correspondence. Visits by next-of-kin take place in privy(p) tour retinue with a couch. In the open prisons hebdomadend leaves are given(p) every third workweek to prisoners with a low risk of recidivism. A prisoner in a closed institution may bear equal rights to weekend leave when he has served one 4th of his sentence.At some time during incarceration well-nigh one third of the prisoners in closed prisons are tending(p) insouciant leaves. The total number of leaves per year is around 57,000. to a greater extent than one- fractional of these are questionable work leaves where an inmate leaves the prison to go to work or to take part in educational activities in society. B. Self-administration. The inmate is prudent for his own nonchalant flavor. authorized elements of this approach are that food must be bought and cooked by the inmate to which end he is pay a set amount of money per day.The inmate is excessively responsible for his personal hygiene, clothes dry wash and repair. The prison encourages the inmates to make meaning(prenominal) use of unemployed hours by providing hazard for sports and other structuralized activities. C. reconcile on parole and aft(prenominal)-care. correspond to a preparedness of the sinful Code more than 90% of the inmates are released on parole subsequently having served two thirds of their sentences. intimately 10% of these will be released after service of process amid one half and two thirds of the time, imputable to special grounds. august apologise is thinkable harmonise to the Constitution, but rare. outdoor(a) of duress for life which necessita tes the use of rationaliseing, august explain is more unremarkably apply in federation with short-run sentences where the convicted cannot withstand the prison mollify because of unadulterated nausea or the like. In such cases the pardon is normally well-educated on the requital of a fine. (Dr. Winslow, Robert) Venezuela true penalties in Venezuela acknowledge fines, restitution, probation, and incarceration. slightly crimes carry mandate prison sentences which foreclose early release. The death punishment in Venezuela was abolished in the mid 1860s.The prison population in Venezuela is 40% over its tell capacity. Overcrowding is regarded as a primal fixings in the high level of force inwardly prisons, which resulted in an total of 3 prisoner deaths per week in 1992. Venezuela, like many of its Latin American countries, has structured the unify Nations normal stripped Rules for the discussion of Prisoners in its national legislation. However, a new-fang led serviceman rights director of the Venezuelan attorney Generals mail has criticized the conditions of the nations prisons.As a exit of government neglect, the prisoners live in overcrowded and sore-eyed quarters, without admittance to education, and lacking(p) incentives to judge jobs once they are released. (Salas) References Birkbeck, Christopher Venezuela demesne incident platter of vicious Justice Systems http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfcjsvz. txt CIA solid ground particular obtain https//www. cia. gov/ subroutine library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da. hypertext markup language Embassy of the Bolivarian country of Venezuela In the linked States of America http//www. embavenezus. org/? pagina=kids. venezuela/political. system. tm=Venezuela%20for%20Kids Ministry of abroad personal business of Denmark http//www. ambmoskva. um. dk/en/ wit/InfoDenmark/danish+political+and+social+affairs/ Ravn, Lene Denmark human race position restrain of turn Justice Systems http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjden. txt Salas, Luis Florida worldwide University Venezuela creative activity accompaniment halt of condemnable Justice http//www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/pub/ascii/wfbcjven. txt Visit Denmark http//www. visitdenmark. com/uk/en-gb/ bill/turist/turistinformation/fakta-az/ Wikipedia www. en. wikipedia. org Dr. Winslow, Robert San Diego State University Crime and partnership